Table 1.

Summary of the saponins isolated from Achyranthes root and related compounds

Compound	Other names	Skeleton	R1	R2	R3	References
Chikusetsusaponin IVa (1)		A	Glc	H	H	[6]
Chikusetsusaponin V (2)	Ginsenoside Ro	A	Glc	H	Glc	[6, 19, 22]
Pseudoginsenoside RT1 (3)		A	Glc	H	Xyl	[6]
28-Desglucosyl- Chikusetsusaponin V (4)	Zingibroside R1	A	H	H	Glc	[6, 22]
Achyranthoside A (5)		B	Glc	Me		[7]
Achyranthoside B (6)	Betavulgaroside I Achyranthoside III	B	Glc	H		[7, 11, 16, 20, 24]
Achyranthoside C (7)	Betavulgaroside III	A	Glc	C1	H	[8, 10, 11, 22, 23, 25]
Achyranthoside D (8)	Betavulgaroside V Achyranthoside I	A	Glc	C1	Glc	[8, 10, 11, 15, 22, 24]
Achyranthoside E (9)	Spinacoside C	A	Glc	C2	H	[9, 14, 20, 23, 25]
Achyranthoside F (10)		A	Glc	C3	H	[9]
Achyranthoside G (11)	Achyranthoside IV	A	H	C1	Glc	[10, 16, 21, 25]
Achyranthoside H (12)		A	Glc	C4	H	[10]
Betavulgaroside IV (13)	Achyranthoside II	A	H	C1	H	[11, 15, 25]
Bidentatoside I (14)						[17]
Bidentatoside II (15)						[18]
Momordin Ib (16)		A	H	H	H	[20]
Sulfachyranthoside B (17)		B	Glc-4-O-SO3H	H		[24]
Sulfachyranthoside D (18)		A	Glc-4-O-SO3H	C1	Glc	[24]
Betavulgaroside II (19)		B	H	H		[11, 25]
Spinacoside D (20)		A	H	C2	H	[14]
Momordin I (22)		A	H	Ara	H	[28]

A, B, C1–C5: see Fig. 1

Ara α-l-arabinopyranosyl, Glc β-d-glucopyranosyl, Glc-4-O-SO₃H 4-O-sulfooxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl, Xyl β-d-xylopyranosyl