Fig. 7.

Use of SF in GBM resection and BBB integrity evaluation. a Intraoperative video frame picture during the surgical removal of the tumor (GMB grade IV WHO) after injection of SF and after the resection (b). Note the intense fluorescence in a and a residual fluorescence in the peritumoral tissue. On top right a projection of MRI obtained using intraoperative neuronavigation 3D reconstruction. c SF concentration measured in N, Pt and T samples of GBM and two low grade tumor tissues (OBT), namely astrocytoma and ependymoma (right to vertical dotted line). ***p < 0.0001; Kruskal–Wallis; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test