FIGURE 8.

Efficacy of a biphasic scaffold fabricated by converging two additive manufacturing technologies (3D printing for the outer shell provides mechanical stability and melt electrospinning writing for the inner portion imparting high porosity, thereby facilitating vascularization, and bone formation) (A): Extraskeletal bone formation using an ovine calvarium onlay graft model, demonstrating the necessity of BMP-2 to achieve significant bone formation and showing that the presence of the scaffold resulted in enhanced osteogenesis due to its excellent Gel/BMP-2 retention ability. (B): Assessment of bone maintenance subsequent to surgical re-entry and implant placement in the previously vertically augmented bone. This revealed that the presence of the biphasic scaffold prevented early bone resorption which is a frequent event upon implant placement. Reproduced with permission from (Vaquette et al., 2021).