Table 3.

Adjusted Regressions, ASD Only, ASD+ID, ID Only, and MHC as Predictors for Risk Factors or Comorbidities, Odds Ratios [99% Confidence Intervals]

			Population ASD/ID		Random Sample (no ASD/ID)
		ASD Only	ASD+ID	ID Only	MHC
		OR [99% CI]	OR [99% CI]	OR [99% CI]	OR [99% CI]
	Risk Factor
1	Living in primary care shortage areas, high	0.87 [0.83,0.91]	0.87 [0.83,0.91]	0.99 [0.97,1.01]a	1.02 [1.00,1.03]a
2	Living in a residential facility	8.87 [8.29,9.50]	58.73 [55.36,62.31]	32.25 [31.05,33.49]	2.77 [2.67,2.88]
3	Receiving services in the home regularly from outside caregivers	3.92 [3.71,4.14]	6.57 [6.28,6.87]	7.02 [6.82,7.22]	2.53 [2.47,2.60]
4	Had hospitalization (psychiatric or inpatient) >=30 days over 5 years	3.28 [2.77,3.90]	2.79 [2.41,3.23]	3.85 [3.50,4.24]	4.10 [3.78,4.46]
5	Avoidable hospitalizations
6	Any	2.34 [2.25,2.42]	4.89 [4.73,5.05]	3.51 [3.45,3.57]	3.61 [3.56,3.65]
7	COPD, chronic bronchitis, asthma	1.57 [1.50,1.64]	1.41 [1.36,1.46]	1.74 [1.71,1.78]	3.26 [3.21,3.31]
8	Congestive heart failure	0.98 [0.87,1.09]a	0.82 [0.75,0.90]	1.32 [1.27,1.37]	1.91 [1.84,1.98]
9	Constipation, fecal impaction, and obstipation	4.09 [3.78,4.42]	9.59 [9.01,10.20]	5.46 [5.24,5.70]	3.15 [3.05,3.25]
10	Dehydration, volume depletion including acute renal failure and hyponatremia	1.82 [1.65,1.99]	2.46 [2.30,2.64]	2.39 [2.30,2.49]	2.95 [2.85,3.06]
11	Hypertension and hypotension	1.86 [1.76,1.95]	1.85 [1.77,1.92]	1.67 [1.64,1.71]	2.33 [2.29,2.37]
12	Poor glycemic control	1.72 [1.61,1.84]	1.46 [1.38,1.54]	1.35 [1.32,1.39]	1.75 [1.71,1.79]
13	Seizures	3.81 [3.59,4.05]	10.34 [9.87,10.84]	9.17 [8.87,9.48]	3.41 [3.30,3.51]
14	Urinary tract infection	1.76 [1.66,1.86]	3.07 [2.94,3.21]	2.85 [2.77,2.92]	2.56 [2.52,2.60]
15	Weight loss (failure to thrive) and nutritional deficiencies	3.89 [3.51,4.31]	9.57 [8.85,10.35]	6.44 [6.10,6.81]	3.25 [3.10,3.40]
	Comorbidities
16	Any	1.50 [1.44,1.56]	1.52 [1.47,1.57]	1.55 [1.52,1.57]	2.56 [2.53,2.60]
17	Cancer	1.54 [1.42,1.67]	1.59 [1.49,1.69]	1.44 [1.39,1.49]	2.03 [1.97,2.08]
18	Chronic kidney disease	0.89 [0.82,0.96]	0.95 [0.89,1.01]a	1.16 [1.12,1.19]	1.87 [1.82,1.92]
19	Chronic lung disease	1.37 [1.27,1.46]	0.96 [0.90,1.02]a	1.61 [1.56,1.65]	3.89 [3.81,3.98]
20	Diabetes	1.48 [1.40,1.56]	1.26 [1.21,1.32]	1.25 [1.23,1.28]	1.64 [1.61,1.67]
21	Immunocompromised	1.17 [0.88,1.54]a	0.97 [0.76,1.22]a	0.86 [0.75,0.98]	2.00 [1.79,2.23]
22	Previous Organ Transplant Recipient	0.29 [0.23,0.38]	0.16 [0.13,0.21]	0.27 [0.24,0.29]	0.76 [0.69,0.83]
23	Serious Heart Conditions	0.98 [0.89,1.09]a	0.80 [0.74,0.87]	1.30 [1.25,1.34]	1.95 [1.89,2.02]
24	Severe Obesity	2.37 [2.23,2.52]	2.16 [2.05,2.28]	1.89 [1.83,1.95]	2.16 [2.11,2.21]
25	Sickle Cell Disease	0.57 [0.37,0.90]	0.25 [0.16,0.39]	0.48 [0.40,0.58]	1.50 [1.27,1.76]

Notes: ASD=autism spectrum disorder, ID=intellectual disability, MHC=mental health conditions. Regressions control for age group, sex, race, ethnicity, eligibility type, insurance type, Medicare dual eligibility and state; comparison is to the random sample with no ID, ASD, or MHC.

^ap-value is not less than 0.01 (for all other estimates, p<0.01)