FIGURE 1.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of AD is extremely complicated, various players such as genetic factor, environment factor, neuroinflammation, pathogenic protein propagation, impaired neurogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS accumulation, impaired autophagy likely are all involved in this process, and more importantly, many of these factors interconnect and form a vicious cycle which collectively leads to synaptic loss and neuronal degeneration in AD.