Table 1.
Examples of lesion bypass by human TLS polymerases.
| TLS polymerase | Gene Name | Lesions bypassed |
|---|---|---|
| Rev1 | REV1 | UV-induced lesions (52) |
| 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) (53) | ||
| Trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N 2-dG (53) | ||
| 1,N 6-ethenoadenine adducts (53) | ||
| Pol η | POLH | UV-induced lesions, particularly T-T CPDs (54) |
| N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-modified guanine (54) | ||
| Cisplatin-induced guanine-guanine intrastrand adducts (54) | ||
| 8-oxoG (55) Abasic sites (56) | ||
| Pol ι | POLI | N2-guanine adduct (57) |
| 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHC) (58) | ||
| 5-hydroxyuracil (5-OHU) (58) | ||
| 5,6-dihydrouracil (5,6-DHU) (58) | ||
| 8-oxoG (58) | ||
| T-T (6–4) PP (59) | ||
| Pol κ | POLK | Thymine glycol (60) |
| Benzo[a]pyrene-guanine adducts (BP-G) (61) | ||
| 8-oxo-dG (62) | ||
| Acetylaminofluorene-modified G (62) | ||
| Abasic site (63) | ||
| Pol θ | POLQ | Abasic sites (64) |
| Thymine glycols (65) | ||
| 1,N 6-ethenoadenine adducts (66) | ||
| UV-induced lesions (66) | ||
| Pol ζ | REV3 | T-T (6–4) PP (67, 68) |
| CPD (68) | ||
| Extender polymerase for numerous lesions | ||
| PrimPol | PRIMPOL | AP site (69) |
UV, ultraviolet; CPD: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; T-T 6-4 PP, thymine-thymine 6-4 photoproducts; XP-V, xeroderma pigmentosum variant; AP site, apyrimidinic/apurinic site.