Table 1.
Demographic data of the case series.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| ● Clinically and radiologically suspected cases operated | 96 |
| ● Histopathological diagnosed cases (mucormycosis) | 79 |
| ● Age (range in years) | 21–72 |
| Mean age (in years)(standard deviation) | 52.24 (12.23) |
| ● Male:Female | 3.6:1 |
| ● Patients with active COVID-19 infection | 15 |
| Patients with post-COVID-19 status | 64 |
| ● Clinical category of mucormycosis | |
| 1. Rhino-mucormycosis | 27 |
| With palatal and dental involvement | 7 |
| 2. Rhino–orbital mucormycosis | 43 |
| With PL positive only | 11 |
| With PL negative (total ophthalmoplegia)*, 2 patients had pulmonary mucormycosis also | 6 |
| Vision better than PL positive | 26 |
| 3. Rhino–orbital–cerebral mucormycosis | 9 |
| With PL negative and total ophthalmoplegia* | 4 |
| With cutaneous involvement | 3 |
| Note: Total patients with orbital involvement | 52(43+9) |
| Total patients with ophthalmoplegia and PL(−) | 10 (6+4) |
| ● Known diabetics | 67 |
| Steroid-induced diabetes | 12 |
| ● Post-renal transplant patients (all are with associated diabetes/steroid-induced hyperglycemia) | 5 |
| ● Other comorbidity | 6 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD), excluding renal transplant recipients | 1 |
| Chronic liver disease (CLD) | 1 |
| Malignancy | 4 |
| Heart disease*** | 14 |
| Hypertension | |
| ● Patient with history of ICU care and mechanical ventilation | 18 |
| Patients with history of oxygen therapy | 59 |
| Patients with no history of oxygen therapy | 20 |
| ● Isolated mucor infection# | 53 |
| Mixed infection (mucor+aspergillus+/-candida)# | 16 |
| Isolated aspergillus infection# | 10 |
| No fungal elements## (preoperatively suspected cases; not included in series) | 17 |
| ● Patients required revision sinus debridement (including 7 patients referred from other centers) | 13 |
| ● Total orbital exenteration performed | 8 |
| Rhino–orbital mucormycosis (died) | 6(4) |
| Rhino–orbital–cerebral mucormycosis | 2(1) |
| ● Outcome (status till 30th Sep 2021) | 63 |
| Alive | 14 |
| Deceased | (18.18%)@ |
| Loss to follow-up (leave against medical advice; LAMA) | 2 |
*Includes 1 patient with bilateral total ophthalmoplegia**Malignant melanoma***ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, post-CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting)#Antifungal therapy continued after definitive diagnosis##Antifungal therapy modified or stopped as per clinical and radiological judgment@Calculated from 77 patients, excluding those 2 patients who went LAMA