Table 2.
Novel therapies for the management of CD that are currently undergoing trials
| Name | Mechanism of action | Route of administration | Trial phase | Trial name | Management | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risankizumab 113 | Anti-IL23 antibody | SC | 3 | ADVANCE MOTIVATE |
Moderate to severe CD | Superior to placebo, study ongoing |
| Mirikizumab 114 | IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to P19 subunit of IL23 | IV | 2–3 | SERENITY (Phase-2 trial) VIVID (Phase-3 trial) |
Moderate to severe CD | Ongoing |
| Etrolizumab 115 (RG7413) | Anti-integrin | SC | 3 | BERGAMOT | Moderate to severe CD | Ongoing |
| Ontamalimab 116 (SHP647) | Monoclonal IgG2 antibody against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) | SC | 3 | CARMEN | Moderate to severe CD | Ongoing |
| Filgotinib 117 | Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor | Oral | 3 | FITZROY | Moderate to severe CD | Ongoing |
| Upadacitinib 118 | JAK1 selective inhibitor | Oral | 2 | CELEST | Moderate to severe refractory CD | Superior to placebo in inducing endoscopic improvement |
| Mesenchymal stem cells 119 | Adult allogeneic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells | Injection | IB/IIA | — | Perianal fistulising CD | Study ongoing |
| Faecal microbial transplant (FMT) 120 | Microbial restoration | Via colonoscopy | 3 | — | CD HBI > 3 | Currently not enough evidence for benefit |
| Stem cell transplant 121 | Autologous hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) | Injection | 3 | ASTIC | Refractory CD (treatment with >3 immunosuppressive or biologic agents and steroids) | No significant improvement and associated with significant toxicity. Study terminated prematurely |