Kosnik 1999.

Methods	Prospective randomized controlled trial.
Participants	Patients with acute anterior shoulder dislocation.
Interventions	The IAL group received 4 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) of 1% lignocaine by intra‐articular injection. The IVAS group received an initial dose of 10 mg morphine sulphate (titrated to a maximum of 30 mg) and 5 mg diazepam (titrated to a maximum of 20 mg) intravenously.
Outcomes	The primary outcome measure was a successful radiographic reduction. Other outcome measures were: ease of reduction and pain associated with the reduction manoeuvre.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: “Patients who consented to the study were assigned to groups by unblocked simple sample randomization technique that conceptually does not guarantee equal sample size”.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Published study does not provide any information in relation to allocation concealment. Comment: the nature of the interventions are such that allocation concealment is not feasible.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: “non‐blind”. Comment: the nature of the interventions is such that blinding is not feasible.