Matthews 1995.

Methods	Prospective randomized controlled trial.
Participants	Patients with acute anterior shoulder dislocation.
Interventions	The IAL group received an intra‐articular injection of 20 ml of 1% lignocaine into the affected shoulder. The IVAS group received morphine sulphate 10 mg and midazolam 2 mg intravenously, respectively.
Outcomes	Time of reduction manoeuvre, difficulty of reduction, subjective pain, complications, total time spent in the emergency department and cost.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Published study does not provide information regarding sequence generation. Quote: “A page was pulled at random from the protocol notebook in the emergency department. This page indicated into which of the two study groups the patient was to be placed (15 in the lidocaine group and 15 in the intravenous sedative group)”.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Published study does not provide information regarding allocation concealment. Comment: the nature of the interventions is such that allocation concealment is not feasible.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No evidence of blinding. Comment: The nature of the interventions is such that blinding is not feasible.