Table 4.

Joint effect of trehalose and glutamate on diabetic retinopathy.

Metabolite > median		N	Cases (%)	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
				OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Trehalose	Glutamate
Yes	No	32	13 (40.60)	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)	Ref.	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)	Ref.	1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)	Ref.
No	No	37	14 (37.80)	0.89 (0.34 to 2.35)	0.813	0.68 (0.23 to 1.98)	0.478	1.32 (0.33 to 5.26)	0.689
Yes	Yes	37	14 (37.80)	0.89 (0.34 to 2.35)	0.813	0.86 (0.30 to 2.43)	0.771	0.71 (0.21 to 2.39)	0.579
No	Yes	32	28 (87.50)	10.23 (2.89 to 36.18)	<0.001	11.43 (3.04 to 43.05)	<0.001	36.81 (6.75 to 200.61)	<0.001
Interaction (Glutamate*Trehalose)				12.93 (2.68 to 62.40)	0.001	19.65 (3.58 to 107.87)	0.001	39.21 (4.75 to 323.41)	0.001
RERI (95% CI)				9.45 (−2.84 to 21.74)		10.90 (−3.66 to 25.45)		8.35 (−22.49 to 79.18)

Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for SBP and duration of diabetes. Model 3: adjust for confounders screened by the LASSO regression model, including TG, SBP, DBP, duration of diabetes, residence, degree of education, smoking status, history of hypertension, ITIADM and therapy or not.

IQR, interquartile range; RERI, relative excess risk of interaction; OR, odds ratio.