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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 21.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2020 Nov 14;38:66–73. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.10.003

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Traditional model of putative neural mechanisms involved in reward learning suggests that the RPEs are primarily driven by the primary and/or secondary reinforcement. More recent work posits that RPEs are also influenced by the factors other than the scalar rewards, including information, novelty and subgoal, as well as expectations/predictions.