Table 4.

Fixed Effects Logistic Regression Predicting Gun Violence

	Full model: Model 1a		Hostility removed: Model 1b		Hostility and ND removed: Model 1c
Measure	OR	95% CI	OR	Measure	OR	95% CI
Individual factors
Hostility	1.14	.90–1.44
Poor future orientation	1.06	.82–1.37	1.11	.91–1.36	1.15	.95–1.38
Alcohol use	1.00	.78–1.29	1.14	.92–1.41	1.09	.90–1.32
Personal rewards to crime	1.32*	1.03–1.70	1.31*	1.06–1.05	1.32**	1.09–1.60
Sociocontextual factors
Time in ungainful activity	1.32*	1.43–1.69	1.25*	1.01–1.54	1.20	.99–1.45
Neighborhood disadvantage (ND)	1.07	.83–1.37	1.05	.83–1.31
Witness non-gun violence	1.93***	1.43–2.62	1.85***	1.46–2.35	1.90***	1.52–2.38
Victimization non-gun violence	1.37*	1.04–1.82	1.33*	1.05–1.70	1.26*	1.01–1.58
Gang involvement

Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.