Table 4.

Randomized Controlled Trials on Local Use of Tranexamic Acid in Soft-Tissue Surgery: Inner Organs, Minimally Invasive Procedures

Reference, Year, Publication Type	TXA Group (total sample size)	Procedure	Concentration of TXA, Volume, Mode of Administration	Comparator	Bleeding *	Postoperative Hemorrhagic Incidence/Intervention/Transfusion †
Abdullah 2012, conference abstract67	52 total	TURP	0.5 mg/ml in irrigation fluid	Standard irrigation fluid	Drop in Hb (g/dl) on first and second POD; TXA 0.87 and 0.31 vs placebo 0.98 and 0.95	Not assessed
Rani 2018, article69	30 (60)	TURP	0.2 mg/ml in irrigation fluid	Standard irrigation fluid	Intraoperative blood loss (ml) TXA = 145 ± 13 vs placebo 198 ± 18, p < 0.01 Drop in Hb (g/dl) TXA = 0.81 ± 0.40 vs. placebo = 1.46 ± 0.37, p < 0.01	No transfusions in either group
Bansal 2017, article68	200 (400)	Percutaneous nephrolithotomy	1 mg/ml in irrigation fluid	Distilled water as placebo in irrigation fluid	Total blood loss (ml) TXA = 155 ± 47 vs placebo 213 ± 68, p < 0.001	Transfusion need (n): TXA = 10 vs placebo = 25. Need of angioembolization (n): TXA = 1 vs placebo = 8
Rasheedy 2019, article70	40 (80)	Hysteroscopic myomectomy	1 mg/ml in distention fluid	Glycine as placebo in distention fluid	Drop in Hb after 24 h (g/dl) TXA = 1.11 ± 0.58 vs placebo = 1.46 ± 0.61, p = 0.001	Excessive perioperative bleeding reported by surgeon (n): TXA = 1 vs placebo = 9. Good surgical view (n): TXA = 23 vs placebo = 8

TXA, tranexamic acid; TURP, transurethral prostatectomy; Hb, hemoglobin; POD, postoperative day.

^*Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise stated.

^†Values (n) are number of patients unless otherwise stated.