Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristics | All patients | MM | sMM | MGUS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 269 | 206 | 31 | 32 | |
| Age, years [median (IQR)] | 74 (68–79) | 74 (68–79) | 74 (70–78.5) | 76.5 (68–81.5) |
| Sex, male (%) | 135 (50.2) | 93 (45.1) | 22 (71.0) | 20 (62.5) |
| Time from diagnosis to vaccination, months (median, IQR) | 42.9 (21.1–86.4) | 45.8 (24.1–86.8) | 45.7 (21.3–89.3) | 26.5 (8.8–71.5) |
| ISS (n = 200) | ||||
| Stage I | 69 | 69 (34.5) | – | – |
| Stage II | 65 | 65 (32.5) | – | – |
| Stage III | 66 | 66 (33.0) | – | – |
| Ig type, n | ||||
| IgG | 145 | 107 | 20 | 18 |
| IgA | 64 | 48 | 7 | 9 |
| IgM | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| IgD | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Light-chain | 55 | 49 | 3 | 3 |
| Non-secretory | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| High-risk cytogenetics at diagnosis, n (%) (n = 214) | 42 (19.6) | 36/171 (21.1) | 4/27 (14.8) | 2/16 (12.5) |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, /μL (IQR) | 1340 (960–1815) | 1275 (913–1694) | 1739 (1209–2070) | 1450 (1125–2098) |
| (Estimated) polyclonal IgG, mg/dL (IQR)a | 614 (414–982) | 551 (378–879) | 833 (565–1362) | 1142 (698–1281) |
| Receiving treatments within 6 months before 1st vaccination, n (%) | 183 (68.0) | 171 (83.0) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (18.8) |
| Treatment before 1st vaccination (within 6 months), n | ||||
| Bd | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| VRd | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| VMP | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| KRd | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Kd | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Ixa monotherapy | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| IRd | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| LenDex | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 |
| PomDex | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| PCd | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Other IMiDs | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| ERd | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| EPd | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| IsaPomDex | 14 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
| DVd | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| DKd | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| DVMP | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| DRd | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 |
| DPd | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Dara monotherapy | 31 | 22 | 4 | 5 |
| Other (cyclophosphamide) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Prior ASCT, n (%) | 67 (24.9) | 67 (32.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Lines of therapy, median (IQR) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) |
| IVIg before and after vaccination, n (%) | 25 (9.3) | 25 (12.1) | 0 | 0 |
| Vaccination with BNT162b2, n (%) | 256 (95.2) | 195 (94.7) | 30 (96.8) | 31 (96.9) |
ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation, Bd bortezomib and dexamethasone, Dara daratumumab, DKd daratumumab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone, DPd daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone, DRd daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, DVd daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone, DVMP daratumumab, bortezomib, melphalan, and dexamethasone, EPd elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone, ERd elotuzumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, Ig immunoglobulin, IMiDs immunomodulatory drugs, IQR interquartile range, IRd ixazomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone, IsaPomDex isatuximab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone, ISS international staging system, IVIg intravenous immunoglobulin, Ixa ixazomib, Kd carfilzomib and dexamethasone, KRd carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, MM multiple myeloma, LenDex lenalidomide and dexamethasone, PCd pomalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone, PomDex pomalidomide and dexamethasone, sMM smoldering multiple myeloma, VMP bortezomib, melphalan, and dexamethasone, VRd bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone
aPolyclonal IgG was estimated from total IgG minus monoclonal IgG if IgG-type plasma cell dyscrasia