TABLE 2.
Multiplex PCR, IFA (IgM), and Neutralization assay results on patients tested from 2019 to 2020.
| Gauteng |
Mpumalanga |
Total | |||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
| Enrolled Jan–June (%) | 141 (37.3) | 93 (24.6) | 82 (21.7) | 62 (16.4) | 378 (100) |
|
IFA tested (%) [95% CI] |
73 (52) [43.2–60.3] | 47 (51) [40.0–61.1] | 42 (51) [39.9–62.4] | 35 (56 [43.3–69.0]) | 197 (52) [47.1–57.1] |
| IFA positive (%) [95% CI] |
14 (19.2) [10.9–30.1] | 4 (8.5) [15.6–42.6] | 13 (31.0) [17.6–47.1] | 7 (20) [8.4–39.9] | 38 (19.3) [14.0–25.5] |
|
OR per site/year (%)
|
(2019: 2020) 18/120 (15.0) OR = 2.55 [0.78–8.29], p = 0.11 |
(2019: 2020) 20/77 (26.0) OR = 1.79 [0.62–5.15], p = 0.28 |
1.98 [0.91–4.3], p < 0.05 |
||
| SINV micro-NTs | |||||
| Percentage positivity per samples (%) [95%CI] | 10/73 (13,7) [6.8–23.8] | 3/47 (6,4) [1.3–17.5] | 9/42 (21.4) [10.3–36.8] | 3/35 (8.6) [1.8–23.1] | 25/197 (12,7) [8.4–18.2] |
| Age (%) OR [95% CI] | |||||
| 0–5 |
11/59 (18.6) 0.8 [0.2–3.5], p = 0.81 |
2/29 (6.9) 0.6 [0.0–4.6], p = 0.6 |
4/11 (36.4) 1.4 [0.3–6.0], p = 0.7 |
2/13 (15.4) 0.6 [0.1–3.8], p = 0.6 |
19/112 (17.0) [0.7 [0.3–1.4], p = 0.3 |
| 6–29 |
1/5 (20.0) 1.1 [0.1–10.2], p = 0.9 |
0/3 (0.0) |
3/14 (21.4) 0.4 [0.1–2.2], p = 0.3 |
1/5 (20.0) 1.0 [0.1–10.7], p = 1 |
5/27 (18.5) 0.9 [0.3–2.7], p = 0.9 |
| 30–49 |
2/7 (28.6) 1.8 [0.3–10.4], p = 0.5 |
2/14 (14.3) 2.6 [0.3–20.5], p = 0.4 |
6/13 (46.2) 2.7 [0.7–10.7], p = 0.2 |
4/15 (26.7) 2.1 [0.4–11.0], p = 0.4 |
14/49 (28.6) 2.1 [0.9–4.4], p ≤ 0.05a |
| 50 + |
0/2 (0.0) | 0/1 (0.0) | 0/4 (0.0) | 0/2 (0.0) | 0/9 (0.0) |
| Sex (%) | |||||
| Female | 10/36 (27.8) [14.2–45.2] | 0/23 (0.0) | 9/22 (40.9) [20.7–63.7] | 5/23 (21.7) [7.5–43.7] | 24/104 (23.1) [15.4–32.4] |
| Male | 4/37 (10.81) [3.0–25.42] | 4/24 (16.7) [4.7–37.4] | 4/20 (20.0) [5.7–43.7] | 2/12 (16.7) [2.1–48.4] | 14/93 (15.1) [8.5–23.9] |
| OR | 3.1 [0.9–11.3], p = 0.07 | (0.0) p < 0.05 | 2.8 [0.7–11.1], p = 0.1 | 1.4 [0.2–8.5], p = 0.7 | 1,69 [0.82–3,51], p = 0,2 |
| Paired CSF specimen | |||||
| Total no. of paired CSF/Sera screened | 6/73 (8.2%) [3.1–17.0] |
12/47 (25.5%) [13.9–40.4] |
9/42 (21.4%) [10.3–36.8] |
4/35 (11.4%) [3.2–26.7] |
31/197 (15.7%) [10.9–21.6] |
| IFA (IgM) (+) in sera | 2/6 (2) (33.3%) [4.3–77.7] |
2/12 (2) (16.7%) [2.1–48.4] |
3/9 (2) (33.3%) [7.5–70.1] |
3/4 (1) (75.0%) [19.4–99.4] |
10/31 (7) (32.3%) [16.7–51.4] |
| IFA (IgM) (+) in CSF | 0/6 (0) (0.0) |
1/12 (0) (8.3%) [0.2–38.5] |
0/9 (0) (0.0) |
1/4 (0) (25.0%) [0.63–80.6] |
2/31 (0) (6.5%) [0.8–21.4] |
| IgM Positive in both serum and CSF | 0/6 (0) (0.0%) |
0/12 (0) (0.0%) |
0/9 (0) (0.0%) |
1/4 (0)
* (25.0%) |
1/31 (0) (3.23%) [0.1–16.7] |
Patients with paired CSF and sera tested by IgM IFA and neutralization assay positives in brackets in bold.
aP-values less than 0.05 is regarded as significant. Values in round brackets represent percentage and values in square brackets 95% CI.
*IgM positive in sera and CSF but only neutralization positive in sera.