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. 2022 Feb 21;45(4):1631–1650. doi: 10.1007/s10753-022-01647-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — IL-1β release from LP cells correlates with immature macrophage frequency. (a) Spontaneous IL-1β release was measured by ELISA from LP-conditioned media (LP-CM) and IEC-CM cultured ex vivo for 22 h. (b) Spearman correlation between IL-1β in LP-CM and the frequency of the indicated Mf subsets among total immune cells (CD45⁺ cells) (Online Resource Fig. S1) in paired samples from the same control individuals (n = 7) and in paired samples from the same CD patients (n = 9) is shown. For CD, two of the patients had biological duplicates shown as open and filled squares for one patient and open and filled triangles for the other. (c) Gene expression of the indicated genes in PBMCs from CD patients compared to controls is shown. Violin plots showing all points are ploted for controls (n = 11) and CD patients (n = 9). Genes were analyzed by RT-PCR using RPLP0 as the housekeeping gene and data are shown as relative fold change to control (Ctr) using the 2^−ΔΔCT method. Significance was assessed by Mann–Whitney U test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005. CD patients were from cohort 2 (Table 1) and Controls were for CD cohort 2 (Table 2).