Table 1.
Selected biomarkers of cognition during HIV in setting of ART
| Category | Biomarker | Fluid |
|---|---|---|
| HIV persistence | HIV DNA | PBMC, monocytes, CSF cells |
| HIV RNA | CSF | |
| HIV Tat Protein | CSF | |
| Co-infection | Anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG | CSF |
| Toxoplasma IgG status, IgG level | Blood | |
| Monocyte/macrophage activation | Soluble CD14 | Blood, CSF |
| Neopterin | Blood, CSF | |
| Soluble CD163 | Blood | |
| Inflammatory cytokines | Tumor Necrosis Factor | Blood |
| Interleukin 6 | Blood | |
| Interferon alpha | Blood | |
| Chemokines | CCL2 | CSF, PBMC |
| Interleukin 8 | PBMC | |
| CXCL10 | Blood | |
| Immune cell characteristics | CD14 + CD38 + | PBMC |
| CD14 + + CD16 + CD163 + | PBMC | |
| CD4 + CD16 + + | PBMC | |
| CD4 + /CD8 + ratio | PBMC, CSF cells | |
| HLA-DR on CD4 + | PBMC, CSF cells | |
| HLA-DR on CD8 + | PBMC, CSF cells | |
| Neuronal markers | Neurofilament Light | Blood, CSF |
| Microtubule associated protein2 | CSF | |
| Markers of microbial translocation | (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan | Blood |
| Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein | Blood | |
| Acute phase reactants | C-reactive protein | Blood |