Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis of tooth loss in relation to incidence of ischemic stroke.

Author (year)	Study design	Country	Study period	Study population	Sex	Age at baseline (years)	NOS scores
Wu et al. (2000)	Cohort	USA	1971–1992	Total: 9,962	Mix	25–74	8
				Dentate: 7,780 (including no periodontal disease: 3634)
				Edentulous: 2,182
Joshipura et al. (2003)	Cohort	USA	1986–1998	Total: 41,380	Male	40–75	8
				25–32 teeth: 34,767
				17–24 teeth: 4,527
				11–16 teeth: 903
				0–10 teeth: 1183
Joshy et al. (2016)	Cohort	Australia	2006–2011	Total: 167,697	Mix	45–75	7
				≥20 teeth: 117,464
				10–19 teeth: 30,013
				1–9 teeth; 11,423
				None: 8,797
Lee et al. (2019)	Cohort	Korea	2007–2016	Total: 4,404,970	Mix	≥20	9
				28 teeth: 3,978,654
				24–27 teeth: 329,461
				14–23 teeth: 81,337
				1–13 teeth: 12,601
				None: 2,917
Grau et al. (2004)	Case-control	Germany	1998–2000	Total: 771	Mix	18–75	7
				Cases: 303
				Population controls: 168
				Hospital controls: 300
Palm et al. (2014)	Case-control	Germany	2010–2011	Total: 183	Mix	18–80	8
				Cases: 96
				Population controls: 87
Leao et al. (2021)	Case-control	Brazil	2015–2018	Total: 458	Mix	＞0	7
				Cases: 229
				Hospital controls: 229