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Schematic diagram of the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of IBS in rats. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) specifically binds to and thus activates the enteric glial cells (EGCs) surface tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), which in turn activates the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway. Then, the activated signaling pathway upregulates intracellular Ca2+ levels with the rapid increase of extracellular Ca2+ levels, eventually leading to the activation of EGCs.
