Figure 3.

The role of Crocus plants' phytoconstituents in the pharmacotherapeutic management of various disorders and the possible molecular mechanisms of action. Abbreviations and symbols: ↑ increased, ↓ decreased, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), catalase (CAT), creatine kinase (CK), glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), noradrenaline (NA), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), serum response factor (SRF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor protein P53 (p53), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).