Table 4. Emotional Discomfort (EmoD) versus General Self-Efficacy (GSE) score measurements (n = 263).

^aEmoD scale range is based on eight questions with responses categorized as 1 = not at all; 2 = little, 3 = moderate, 4 = much, and 5 = very much. High scores imply high levels of discomfort, whereas values >3.00 are characterized as “more discomfort” (3.00 is considered moderate).

^bGSE scale range is 10–40 based on 10 questions with responses categorized as 1 = not at all true to 4 = exactly true. High scores indicate high levels of self-efficacy, whereas a score of 30.0 or more indicates better self-efficacy (the 67th percentile) where score of 30.0 was found in n = 27 participants (10.3%).

Scale	Mean	Standard deviation	Median	Cronbach α
EmoD Scalea	2.64	0.70	2.63	0.730
More discomfort, 3.00+ n (%) {95% CI}	83	(31.6)	{26.2, 37.4}
GSE Scaleb	29.0	5.23	29.0	0.868
Better self-efficacy, 30+ n (%) {95% CI}	129	(49.0)	{43.0, 55.1}