Table 3.
Clinical applications of exosomes in HCC.
| Region | Patients | Method | Target | Function of the Cargo | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korea | 20 HCC 20 CH 20 cirrhosis | Ultracentrifugation | miR-18a, miR-101, miR-106b, miR-122, miR-195, miR-221, miR-222, miR-224 | / | (115) |
| Korea | 84 HCC 26 CH 32 cirrhosis 26 healthy | ExoQuick™ Exosome Precipitation Solution | The panel based on miR-4661-5p | Immune escape | (116, 117) |
| Korea | 90 HCC 60 CLD 28 healthy | Ultracentrifugation | miR-10b-5p, miR-215-5p | Invasion and metastasis of HCC | (118) |
| Spain | 29 HCC 32 healthy 43 CCA 30 PSC | Filtration, Ultracentrifugation, | FIBG | unknow | (119) |
| China | 74 HCC 26 Cirrhosis 34 CHB 72 healthy | ExoQuick™ Exosome Precipitation Solution | lncRNAs X-inactive-specific transcript | Regulate proliferation and metastasis of HCC | (120) |
| China | 115 HCC 156 CHB 85 LC 120 healthy | Total Exosome Isolation Kit | ENSG00000258332.1, LINC00635, AFP | Regulate proliferation and metastasis of HCC | (121) |
| China | 29 HCC 37 healthy and benign hepatomas | ExoQuick™ Exosome Precipitation Solution | SMAD3 | Promoted cell adhesion | (122) |
| China | 50 HCC 40 cirrhosis | Ultracentrifugation, filtration, and precipitation | A panel combining miR-122, miR-148a, and AFP | Inhibit proliferation and multidrug resistance | (123) |
| Korea | 79 HCC | ExoQuick™ Exosome Precipitation Solution | miRNA-21 lncRNA-ATB | Regulate proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC | (124) |
| China | 82 HCC 47 healthy | ExoQuick-TC exosome precipitation solution | circPTGR1 | Promote metastasis of HCC | (125) |
| China | 240 HCC | ExoQuick™ Exosome Precipitation Solution | circUHRF1 | Immune escape | (126) |
| China | 71 HCC 40 HD | Ultracentrifugation | A panel combining circ_0004001, circ_0004123, and circ_0075792 | Regulate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC | (127) |
| Korea | 32 HCC 28CH 35 cirrhosis | ExoQuick™ Exosome Precipitation Solution | LINC00853 | unknow | (128) |
| China | 122 HCC 43 cirrhosis | Ribo™ Exosome Isolation Reagent | Lnc85 | Inhibit proliferation and migration of HCC | (129) |
| India | 38 HCC 35 CH 25 cirrhosis | ExoEnrich™ instant exosome isolation kit and immunoaffinity capture (anti-ASGR2) | A panel combining miR-10b-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-21-5p | / | (130) |
CCA, Cholangiocarcinoma; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; LC, liver cirrhosis.