Table 1.

Reported accuracy of F/T examiners in selected studies.

Author(s)	No.	Manufacturer	Seq.	Examiners	Design	Comparisons		Error rate (FP/FN), percent
						Cartr. Cases	Bullets	Cartr. Cases	Bullets
Brundage, 1998	10	Ruger	C	30	SB, C		1020		0/0
Bunch & Murphy, 2003	10	Glock	C	8	DB, O	360		0/0
E. Smith, 2005	9	Ruger	R	8	SB, C	360	360	0/0	0/0
Fadul, 2011	10	Glock	C	183	SB, C		2745		0.4a/na
Fadul et al., 2013	10	Ruger	C	217	SB, C	3825		0.06a/na
Fadul et al., 2013	10	Glock	C	165	SB, P	1650			1.2a/na
Cazes & Goudeau, 2013	5	HiPoint	C	69	SB, C	552		0/0
Baldwin et al., 2014	25	Ruger	R	218	SB, O	3270		0.94b/0.37b
Stroman, 2014	3	Smith & Wesson	R	25	DB, C	75		0/0
Kerkhoff et al., 2015	10	Various	R	11	DB, O	341	55	0/0	0/0
Hamby et al., 2016	1632	Glock	R	1	NB, C	13,30,896		0/na
T. Smith et al., 2016	8	Various	R	31	DB, O	2046	2046	0.14/0.43	0/0.11
Keisler et al., 2018	9	Various	R	126	SB, C	2520		0/0
Kerkhoff et al., 2018	1 39	Sig Sauer Glock	R R	10	DB, O	344		0/0
Hamby et al., 2019	10	Ruger	C	697	SB, C	10,455			0.05b/na
J. Smith, 2020	35	Various	C	74	SB, O		7420		0.08/0.16
Law & Morris, 2021	20	Various	R	17	SB, O	340		0.28/0
This Study, 2021	23 4 10 10	Beretta Beretta Ruger Jimenez	C R C C	173	DB, O	10,110	10,020	0.93b/1.87b	0.66b/2.87b

Seq: C/R (consecutive/Random manufacturing sequence).

Design: SB/DB/NB (Single/Double/No) blinding; C/O/P (Closed/Open/Partly Open) set design.

^aFalse positive discovery rate.

^bMaximum likelihood estimate.