Fig. 5. Luteolin alleviates inflammatory responses in H9c2 cells. The mRNA (A) and protein (B) levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. (C) The ELISA method was utilized to assess the levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 in H9c2 cells. (D) Immunofluorescence method was utilized to detect the formation of ROS in H9c2 cells. (E) Western blotting was utilized to analyze the protein levels of iNOS and NOX4. ^**p<0.01 vs. control group, ^††p<0.01 or ^†p<0.05 vs. LPS group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin.