Etiology of PKAN.A, model of PKAN pathogenesis based on whole-cell CoA deficiency. B, model of PKAN pathogenesis based on deficiency in mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins (mtACPs). DPCK, dephosphocoenzyme A kinase; PKAN, pantothenate kinase–associated neurodegeneration; PPAT, phosphopantetheine adenylyl transferase; PPCDC, phosphopanthenoylcysteine decarboxylase; PPCS, phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase.