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. 2022 Feb 8;12:781565. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781565

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Copyright © 2022 Xu, Kang, Zobrist, Wang and Fei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Regeneration of transgenic plants of the upland switchgrass cultivar Summer. (A) 7-day old seedlings from which basal stems (within the bracket) containing whorls of leaves including leaf sheaths and blades were excised for Agrobacterium infection. (B) Transient expression of GFP on immature leaf segments 7 days post-inoculation. (C) Non-embryogenic callus formed on explants treated with RM medium only (no-infection control). (D) Embryogenic callus formed on explants infected with Agrobacterium. (E) GFP expression on the same callus as shown in panel D. (F) Overlay of images (D,E). (G) Regeneration of healthy shoots 3 weeks following the heat-shock treatment. (H) An embryogenic callus producing entirely albino shoots. (I) An embryogenic callus producing a mixture of green shoots and an albino shoot. (J) Soil-grown transgenic plants 2 months after being established in the greenhouse.