Table 1.
Documented indications and geographic locations for traditional uses of A. scoparia.
| Medicinal Use | Region | Plant Part | Formulation | ROAb | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes/ Hyperglycemia | Pakistan/Afghanistan border | Root | Decoction | Oral | (10) |
| Lower Kurram, Pakistan | Root | (28) | |||
| Zhejiang Province, China | Root | Infusion | Oral | (23) | |
| Uttarakhand, India | Leaves | Powder | Oral | (34) | |
| Shigar Valley, Pakistan | Leaves | Infusion | Oral | (32) | |
| Cancer | Pakistan/Afghanistan border | Root | Decoction | Oral | (10) |
| China | (35) a | ||||
| Hepatitis, jaundice, liver or gallbladder disease | Neelum Valley, Pakistan | Leaves | Infusion | Oral | (21) |
| China | (35) a | ||||
| China | Aerial parts | Decoction | Oral | (36) | |
| Pakistan/Afghanistan border | Root | Decoction | Oral | (10) | |
| Onaizah Province, Saudi Arabia | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | (37) | |
| Zhejiang Province, China | Flowers | Decoction | Oral | (23) | |
| Digestion | Neelum Valley, Pakistan | Leaves | Infusion | Oral | (21) |
| Hormozgan Province, Iran | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | (25) | |
| Ilam Province, Iran | Flowers | Internal | (16) | ||
| China | (38) | ||||
| Pakistan | (39) | ||||
| Samahni Valley, Pakistan | Leaves, roots | Juice, Decoction | Oral | (27) | |
| Onaizah Province, Saudi Arabia | Whole Plant | Decoction | Oral | (37) | |
| Zhejiang Province, China | Root | Infusion | Oral | (23) | |
| Swat District, Pakistan | Young shoots | (19) | |||
| Spiti Valley, Western Himalaya, India | (20) | ||||
| Uttarakhand, India | Leaves | Powder | Oral | (34) | |
| Gujranwala District, Pakistan | Whole plant | Powder, roasted | Oral | (13) | |
| ENT/Dental | Pakistan | Topical | (26, 39) | ||
| Ilam Province Iran (Kurd tribe) | Flowers | Internal | (16) | ||
| Samahni Valley, Pakistan | Leaves, roots | Juice, decoction | Topical | (27) | |
| Onaizah Province, Saudi Arabia | Whole plant | Decoction | Ear drops | (37) | |
| Spiti Valley, Western Himalaya, India | Leaves, seeds | Poultice | Topical | (20) | |
| Depurative “blood purification” | Lower Kurram, Pakistan | Roots | Decoction | Oral | (28) |
| Pakistan | Infusion | Oral | (26, 39) | ||
| Samahni Valley, Pakistan | Leaves, roots | Juice, decoction | Oral | (27) | |
| Uttarakhand, India | Leaves | Powder | Oral | (34) | |
| Fever, microbial or parasitic infections, snake or scorpion venom | Pakistan | (39) | |||
| China | (38) | ||||
| Pakistan | Whole plant | (40) | |||
| Zhejiang Province, China | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | (23) | |
| Swat District, Pakistan | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | (17) | |
| Swat District, Pakistan | Young shoots | (19) | |||
| Uttarakhand, India | Leaves | Powder, roasted | Oral | (34) | |
| Gujranwala District, Pakistan | Leaves | Topical | (13) | ||
| Gujranwala District, Pakistan | Flowers, shoots | Decoction | Oral | (13) | |
| Burns/wounds/skin/hair | Pakistan | Twigs | Smoke | External | (26, 39) |
| Ilam Province, Iran | Flowers | Internal | (16) | ||
| Spiti Valley, India | Smoke | External | (20) | ||
| Uttarakhand, India | Leaves | Paste | Topical | (34) | |
| Gujranwala District, Pakistan | Leaves | Extract+oil, boiled | Topical | (13) | |
| Cardiovascular | Pakistan | Whole plant | (40) | ||
| China | (38) | ||||
| Onaizah Province, Saudi Arabia | Whole plant | Decoction | Oral | (37) | |
| Zhejiang Province, China | Roots | Infusion | Oral | (23) | |
| Respiratory | Pakistan | (39) | |||
| Pakistan | Whole plant | (40) | |||
| Zhejiang Province, China | Leaves | Decoction | Oral | (23) | |
| Uttarakhand, India | Leaves | Powder, roasted | Oral | (34) |
a
Yinchen – refers to A. scoparia or A. capillaris.
b
ROA, Route of Administration.