Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and genotype distribution of APOE gene in different groups.
| Variables | Control | T2DM | CAD | T2DM+CAD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 545 | n = 264 | p | n = 401 | p | n = 204 | p | ||
| Age (years) | 67.2 ± 13.4 | 69.5 ± 12.7 | 0.022 | 65.3 ± 12.3 | 0.029 | 70.5 ± 13.0 | 0.003 | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 206 (37.8%) | 85 (32.2%) | 0.120 | 111 (27.7%) | 0.001 | 65 (31.9%) | 0.132 | |
| Male | 339 (62.2%) | 179 (67.8%) | 290 (72.3%) | 139 (68.1%) | ||||
| Lipid profile (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| TC | 4.25 ± 0.96 | 4.30 ± 1.23 | 0.974 | 4.33 ± 1.13 | 0.635 | 4.29 ± 1.34 | 0.385 | |
| TG | 1.42 ± 0.91 | 1.72 ± 1.30 | <0.001 | 1.49 ± 0.89 | 0.238 | 1.86 ± 1.45 | <0.001 | |
| HDL-C | 1.15 ± 0.33 | 1.05 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | 1.09 ± 0.26 | 0.032 | 1.02 ± 0.27 | <0.001 | |
| LDL-C | 2.58 ± 0.71 | 2.65 ± 0.89 | 0.506 | 2.69 ± 0.86 | 0.173 | 2.70 ± 1.03 | 0.794 | |
| TG/HDL-C ratio | 1.38 ± 1.12 | 1.87 ± 1.88 | <0.001 | 1.49 ± 1.10 | 0.032 | 2.08 ± 2.13 | <0.001 | |
| APOE genotypes | ||||||||
| APOE2 | ϵ2/ϵ2 | 6 (1.10%) | 3 (1.14%) | 1.000 | 1 (0.25%) | 0.249 | 0 (0%) | – |
| ϵ2/ϵ3 | 87 (15.96%) | 47 (17.80%) | 0.509 | 52 (12.97%) | 0.198 | 27 (13.24%) | 0.355 | |
| APOE3 | ϵ2/ϵ4 | 6 (1.10%) | 2 (0.76%) | 1.000 | 3 (0.75%) | 0.741 | 4 (1.96%) | 0.473 |
| ϵ3/ϵ3 | 387 (71.01%) | 171 (64.77%) | 0.072 | 268 (66.83%) | 0.169 | 132 (64.71%) | 0.096 | |
| APOE4 | ϵ3/ϵ4 | 58 (10.64%) | 39 (14.77%) | 0.090 | 75 (18.70%) | <0.001 | 39 (19.12%) | 0.002 |
| ϵ4/ϵ4 | 1 (0.18%) | 2 (0.76%) | 1.000 | 2 (0.50%) | 0.577 | 2 (0.98%) | 0.182 | |
| APOE alleles | ||||||||
| ϵ2 | 105 (9.63%) | 55 (10.42%) | 0.621 | 57 (7.11%) | 0.052 | 31 (7.60%) | 0.222 | |
| ϵ3 | 919 (84.31%) | 428 (81.06%) | 0.101 | 663 (82.67%) | 0.340 | 330 (80.88%) | 0.112 | |
| ϵ4 | 66 (6.06%) | 45 (8.52%) | 0.066 | 82 (10.22%) | <0.001 | 47 (11.52%) | <0.001 | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, or numbers (N) and percentage. p-value: comparison between T2DM/CVD/T2DM+CAD group and control group. Groups were compared using Student’s t-test or Wilcox test (for continuous variables) and Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test (for categorical variables). Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.