Table 3.
Bivariate cross-sectional associations with common mental disorder (CMD) at baseline and follow-up
| Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With CMDa n (%) 106 (12.3) | Without CMD n (%) 753 (87.7) | p valueb | With CMD n (%) 46 (7.2) | Without CMD n (%) 589 (92.8) | p valueb | |
| Age | ||||||
| <18 years | 7 (6.6) | 39 (5.2) | 0.231 | 3 (6.5) | 34 (5.8) | 0.083 |
| 18–24 years | 23 (21.7) | 237 (31.5) | 6 (13.0) | 180 (30.6) | ||
| 25–35 years | 64 (60.4) | 400 (53.1) | 32 (69.6) | 312 (53.0) | ||
| >35 years | 12 (11.3) | 77 (10.2) | 5 (10.9) | 63 (10.7) | ||
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 58 (54.7) | 551 (73.2) | <0.001 | 32 (72.7) | 413 (73.9) | 0.867 |
| Mixed ancestry | 48 (45.3) | 202 (26.8) | 12 (27.3) | 146 (26.1) | ||
| Other children (from previous pregnancies) | ||||||
| No children | 35 (33.0) | 290 (38.5) | 0.456 | 16 (34.8) | 224 (38.0) | 0.199 |
| 1–2 children | 57 (53.8) | 385 (51.1) | 28 (60.9) | 295 (50.1) | ||
| ⩾3 children | 14 (13.2) | 78 (10.4) | 2 (4.4) | 70 (11.9) | ||
| Planned pregnancy | 33 (31.1) | 276 (36.7) | 0.267 | 18 (39.1) | 231 (36.2) | 0.687 |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | 41 (38.7) | 297 (39.4) | 0.875 | 15 (32.6) | 232 (39.4) | 0.579 |
| Unemployed | 57 (53.8) | 409 (54.3) | 27 (58.7) | 321 (54.5) | ||
| Student | 8 (7.6) | 47 (6.2) | 4 (8.7) | 36 (6.1) | ||
| Financial support from partner | 41 (38.7) | 305 (40.5) | 0.720 | 16 (34.8) | 249 (42.3) | 0.321 |
| Any social support grant | 57 (53.8) | 371 (49.3) | 0.385 | 25 (54.4) | 288 (48.9) | 0.476 |
| Child support grant | 56 (52.8) | 358 (47.5) | 0.308 | 25 (54.4) | 279 (47.4) | 0.361 |
| People per sleeping room | ||||||
| 1–2 people | 56 (52.8) | 364 (48.3) | 0.665 | 23 (50.0) | 287 (48.7) | 0.478 |
| 3–4 people | 43 (40.6) | 329 (43.7) | 17 (37.0) | 253 (43.0) | ||
| ⩾5 people | 7 (6.6) | 60 (8.0) | 46 (13.0) | 49 (8.3) | ||
| HIV-infected | 20 (18.9) | 136 (18.1) | 0.840 | 11 (23.9) | 1158 (19.5) | 0.472 |
| Pregnancy status | ||||||
| Pregnant | 34 (32.1) | 183 (24.3) | 0.009 | 2 (4.4) | 20 (3.4) | 0.272 |
| ⩽6 months after birth | 68 (64.2) | 563 (74.8) | 42 (91.3) | 561 (95.3) | ||
| Miscarriage/stillbirth | 4 (3.8) | 7 (0.9) | 2 (4.4) | 8 (1.4) | ||
| Psychological distressc | 80 (75.5) | 146 (19.4) | <0.001 | 31 (67.4) | 56 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Food insecure | 99 (93.4) | 595 (79.02) | <0.001 | 38 (82.6) | 402 (68.2) | 0.042 |
| Domestic violence | ||||||
| Psychological abuse | 37 (34.9) | 101 (13.4) | <0.001 | 14 (30.4) | 46 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Physical abuse | 33 (31.1) | 88 (11.7) | <0.001 | 8 (17.4) | 46 (7.8) | 0.025 |
| Sexual abuse | 8 (7.6) | 6 (0.8) | <0.001 | 1 (2.2) | 4 (0.7) | 0.269 |
| Any abuse | 44 (41.5) | 135 (17.9) | <0.001 | 14 (30.4) | 64 (10.9) | <0.001 |
a⩾13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
bχ2 test.
c⩾2 on the psychological distress questionnaire.