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. 2022 Feb 22;77:103894. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103894

Figure 5.

Fig. 5.

Upregulation of AAT and ST6GAL1 mRNA in response to IL-6 and SARS-CoV-2 ARDS and nsARDS plasma.

a. AAT expression in HepG2 cells stimulated with IL-6 over time by RT-qPCR. AAT mRNA production is significantly and consistently raised from 12 h reaching its peak at 24 h. Significance was tested for by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test*P < 0.05). b. AAT expression at 24 h in HepG2 cells stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 or nsARDS plasma relative to expression in response to healthy control plasma in the absence (*P < 0.05) or presence of Tocilizumab. c. ST6GAL1 expression in HepG2 cells at 24 h when stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 or nsARDS plasma, relative to expression in response to healthy control plasma in the absence (*P < 0.05) or presence of Tocilizumab. These experiments were repeated three times, with patient plasma being sourced from 20 SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to ICU. Analyses were performed using a Two-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparisons test. d. Percentage of plasma AAT showing sialylation, from healthy controls compared to SARS-CoV-2 ARDS patients on day 1 (ns,P = 0.3) and day 8 of admission to ICU (P = 0.02) Analyses were performed using a two-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparisons test. e. Representative isoelectric focusing gel shows presence of highly sialylated M0 and M1 AAT glycoforms in SARS-COV-2 plasma on day 1 post-ICU admission.