Table 1.
Summary of Publications on Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease
| Author/Country | Study Type/Setting | Sample Size | Prevalence of Obesity/CKD/Proteinuria | Parameters | OR for Association With Obesity | CI | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sumaili et al,57 Democratic Republic of Congo | Cross-sectional community study | 3,018 | Proteinuria 17.1% | Proteinuria and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 1.2 | 1.02-1.6 | 0.03 |
| Okwuonu et al,58 Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | 304 | CKD 4.6% | CKD and BMI WC |
1.3 3.8 |
1.20-6.21 1.13-12.68 |
<0.001 <0.001 |
| Adeniyi et al,55 South Africa | Cross-sectional study among school teachers | 489 | Obesity (WC) 59.6% CKD 6.4% |
BMI WC |
1.04 2.48 |
1.0-1.07 1.01-5.87 |
0.213 0.046 |
| Matsha et al,59 South Africa | Cross-sectional study | 1,256 | Obesity (BMI) 7.2% CKD 14.8% |
CKD and BMI | 0.81 | 0.77-0.85 | |
| Wachukwu et al,60 Nigeria | Cross-sectional study among university staff | 259 | Obesity (BMI) 12.2% CKD 1.9 % Proteinuria 12.4% |
CKD and BMI | 0.51 | 0.001a | |
| Adebamowo et al,61 4 African countries | Hospital multicenter study among people with T2DM | 4,815 | CKD 13.4% | CKD and BMI | 1.93 | 1.14-3.27 | <0.05 |
| Kaze et al,62 Cameroon | Cross-sectional community study | 500 | Obesity (BMI) 60.4% Low eGFR 11% Albuminuria 7.2% |
CKD and BMI Albuminuria and BMI |
1.09 1.01 |
1.01-1.18 0.94-1.08 |
0.032 0.773 |
| Seck et al,63 Senegal | Cross-sectional community study | 1,037 | Obesity (BMI) 23.4% CKD 4.9% Albuminuria 3.4% |
CKD and BMI | 1.33 | 1.15-3.98 | 0.02 |
| Faye et al,56 Senegal | Cross-sectional study | 1,411 | Obesity (13%) CKD 36% Proteinuria 15% |
CKD and BMI | 0.0017b | ||
| Afolabi et al,64 Nigeria | Hospital-based cross-sectional study | 250 | CKD 10.4% Albuminuria 12.4% |
ACR and ACR | 0.163 | ||
| Lunyera et al,65 Uganda | Cross-sectional community study | 141 | Obesity (BMI) 30% Proteinuria 13% |
Proteinuria and BMI | 0.54 | 0.15-1.93 | NS |
| Egbi et al,66 Nigeria | Cross-sectional study among civil servants | 179 | CKD 7.8% BMI NA |
CKD and BMI | 0.279 | <0.001a | |
| Owiredu et al,67 Ghana | Hospital-based study | 146 | CKD NA Mets 30.1% |
CKD and Mets | 3.4 | 1.2-9.3 | 0.05 |
| Olanrewaju et al,54 Nigeria | Cross-sectional community study | 1,350 | Obesity (BMI) 8.7% CKD 12% |
CKD and waist-to-hip ratio | 1.50 | 1.10-2.05 | 0.01 |
| Gbadegesin et al,68 Nigeria | Hospital study of CKD among patients with hypertension | 250 | Obesity 36.1% CKD 28% Macroalbuminuria 5.6% Microalbuminuria 42% |
CKD and WC CKD and BMI |
0.22 1.12 |
0.02-0.30 0.81-1.44 |
0.03 0.001 |
| Stanifer et al,69 Tanzania | Cluster-design cross-sectional study | 481 | Obesity (BMI) 4.7% CKD 7% |
CKD and BMI | 0.81 | 0.45-1.47 | |
| Babua et al,70 Uganda | Hospital-based cross-sectional study | 217 | Obesity (BMI) 10.1% CKD NA |
CKD and BMI | - | - | 0.797b |
| Oluyombo et al,72 Nigeria | Community cross-sectional study | 454 | Obesity (BMI) 2.6% Waist-to-hip ratio WC 14.1% CKD 12.3% |
0.026b 0.023b |
|||
| Ephraim et al,71 Ghana | Hospital study in high-risk individuals | 382 | CKD 30.2% Obesity (BMI) 28% |
CKD and BMI | 0.13 | 0.01-1.31 | 0.083 |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Mets, metabolic syndrome; NA, not available; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WC, waist circumference.
a
Correlation.
b
χ2 test.