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. 2022 Feb 2;11:789172. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789172

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Safranal supressed growth by antagonising the tumor angiogenic proteins: (A) Safranal inhibited VEGF-induced HUVECs proliferation. Assessed viability of HUVEC cells that were serum starved overnight and then incubated with or without VEGF (30 ng/ml) and various concentrations of safranal for 24 hrs. (B) Safranal suppressed VEGF secretion in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of safranal for 24 hrs, the supernatant of cell culture medium was collected, and the content of VEGF was examined using ELISA. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of HepG2 treated with various concentrations of safranal for 24 hrs, with rhVEGF (30 ng/ml) and then staining with VEGF (green), nuclei labelled by DAPI (blue). Scale bars: 100μm. Statistical analysis was carried out in all experiments by student’s t-test using GraphPad Prism software and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001.