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. 2022 Feb 2;11:789172. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.789172

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Copyright © 2022 Abdalla, Murali and Amin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Safranal inhibited HUVECs migration and tube formation. (A) HUVECs were grown into full confluence in six-well plate, then cells were wounded with pipette. Further treated with 30 ng/ml rhVEGF as well as various concentrations of safranal. (B) The area of the wound was measured at 0 hr, 8 hrs and12 hrs. (C) HUVECs incubated with different concentrations of safranal were seeded into 96-well plate pre-coated with Matrigel. After 6 to 8 hrs, tubular structures were photographed, and the number of the tubes was quantified (D, E). Statistical analysis was carried out in all experiments by student’s t-test using GraphPad Prism software and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001.