Table 1.
Comparison on the characteristics of the depression and non-depression groups.
| Variables | Total | Non-depression (n=1,023) | Depression (n=275) | Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), n (%) | χ2=61.050 | <0.001 | |||
| <60 | 357 (27.50) | 230 (22.48) | 127 (46.18) | ||
| ≥60 | 941 (72.50) | 793 (77.52) | 148 (53.82) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 29.97±6.75 | 29.60±6.39 | 31.32±7.80 | t=−3.360 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | χ2=13.473 | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 642 (49.46) | 533 (52.10) | 109 (39.64) | ||
| Female | 656 (50.54) | 490 (47.90) | 166 (60.36) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | χ2=3.250 | 0.517 | |||
| Mexican American | 116 (8.94) | 90 (8.80) | 26 (9.45) | ||
| Hispanic American | 77 (5.93) | 55 (5.38) | 22 (8.00) | ||
| White | 653 (50.31) | 515 (50.34) | 138 (50.18) | ||
| Black | 363 (27.97) | 291 (28.45) | 72 (26.18) | ||
| Other | 89 (6.86) | 72 (7.04) | 17 (6.18) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | χ2=24.819 | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 612 (47.15) | 509 (49.76) | 103 (37.45) | ||
| Widowed | 272 (20.96) | 220 (21.51) | 52 (18.91) | ||
| Divorced or separated | 248 (19.11) | 182 (17.79) | 66 (24.00) | ||
| Unmarried, n (%) | 166 (12.79) | 112 (10.95) | 54 (19.64) | ||
| Education, n (%) | Z=−1.998 | 0.046 | |||
| Junior middle schools or below | 432 (33.28) | 327 (31.96) | 105 (38.18) | ||
| Senior high schools or GED | 358 (27.58) | 284 (27.76) | 74 (26.91) | ||
| Colleges or above | 508 (39.14) | 412 (40.27) | 96 (34.91) | ||
| Annual household income, n (%) | χ2=18.262 | <0.001 | |||
| <20,000$ | 511 (39.37) | 372 (36.36) | 139 (50.55) | ||
| ≥20,000$ | 787 (60.63) | 651 (63.64) | 136 (49.45) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | χ2=0.470 | 0.493 | |||
| No | 830 (63.94) | 659 (64.42) | 171 (62.18) | ||
| Yes | 468 (36.06) | 364 (35.58) | 104 (37.82) | ||
| Sleep disorders, n (%) | χ2=112.976 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 743 (57.24) | 663 (64.81) | 80 (29.09) | ||
| Yes | 555 (42.76) | 360 (35.19) | 195 (70.91) | ||
| SBP (mmHg), mean±SD | 134.33±22.91 | 134.69±23.01 | 133.02±22.53 | t=1.070 | 0.284 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean±SD | 69.53±13.82 | 68.74±13.85 | 72.50±13.30 | t=−4.040 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL), mean±SD | 184.31±46.89 | 182.30±45.75 | 191.78±50.29 | t=−2.830 | 0.005 |
| HDL (mg/dL), mean±SD | 51.50±16.60 | 51.72±16.53 | 50.66±16.85 | t=0.940 | 0.347 |
| LDL (mg/dL), M (Q1, Q3) | 102.00 (77.00,132.00) | 101.00 (78.00,129.00) | 105.00 (76.00,138.00) | Z=1.573 | 0.116 |
| Lead (μg/L), M (Q1, Q3) | 1.63 (1.10, 2.61) | 1.70 (1.14, 2.71) | 1.44 (1.01, 2.39) | Z=−3.074 | 0.002 |