Table 2.

LncRNAs and B cell functions

lncRNA	Expression pattern	Disease	Sample	Cell line	Interaction	Signaling pathway	Function	References
Human studies/mixed studies
SNHG14	↑	DLBCL	38 pairs of B cell lymphoma tissues and ANCTs, BALB/c mice	GM12878, 293 T, A20, OCI-LY7, DB, U2932, and FARAGE	↓ miR-5590-3p, ↑ ZEB1, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint	–	∆ SNHG14: ↓ proliferation, migration and EMT process There is a positive feedback loop between SNHG14 and ZEB1 to promote DLBCL	[90]
MALAT1	↑	DLBCL	37 patients with DLBCL	OCI-Ly10 human DLBCL cell line, CD8 + T cells	↓ miR-195, ↑ PD-L1 and CD8	Ras/ERK signaling pathway	∆ MALAT1: ↓ proliferation, migration and immune escape ability, EMT-like process, ↑ apoptosis	[91]
CRNDE	↑	BCP-ALL	BM biopsies from 26 patients with BCP-ALL and BM biopsies from 15 patients with unexplained thrombocytosis or anemia as controls	NALM-6, RS4;11 CEMO-1, CCRF-SB, and SUP-B15 BCP-ALL cell lines	↓ miR-345-5p, ↑ CREB	_–	∆ CRNDE: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis	[93]
AL133346.1	↑	B-ALL	GEO dataset: GSE128254	–	↑ CCN2	–	It was found that either AL133346.1 regulates CCN2 expression in cis; or AL133346.1 and CCN2 are regulated by the same regulatory elements	[94]
NEAT1	↑	DLBCL	30 patients with DLBCL and 30 healthy controls	OCI-Ly1, OCI-Ly8, OCI-Ly10 and SUDHL-4 DLBCL cell lines	↓ miR-34b-5p, ↑ GLI1	–	∆ NEAT1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis	[92]
SMAD5-AS1	↓	DLBCL	11 patients with DLBCL and 11 healthy controls, BALB/c-nude mice	TMD8, U2932, GM12878, HEK-293, OCI-Ly3, WSU-FSCCL, JeKo-1, L428, and Raji	↑ miR-135b-5p, ↓ APC	↑ Wnt/β-catenin pathway	↑ SMAD5-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis	[97]
OR3A4	↑	DLBCL	58 patients with DLBCL and healthy controls	2932, SU-DHL-6, SU-DHL-4, OCL-LY-7, OCL-LY- 10 DLBCL cell lines and WIL2 human B lymphocyte	↑ FOXM1	↑ Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway	∆ OR3A4: ↓ proliferation and ↑ apoptosis OR3A4 is upregulated by FOXM1	[98]
FIRRE	↑	DLBCL	70 pairs of DLBCL patient samples and healthy controls	2932, SU-DHL-6, SU-DHL-4, OCL-LY-7, OCL-LY-10 human DLBCL cell lines and WIL2S one normal B-cell line	MYC	↑ Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway	↑ proliferation and ↓ apoptosis	[99]
RP11-513G11.1	↑	DLBCL	93 patients with DLBCL and 62 healthy controls	–	–	–	Patients with high expression levels of RP11-513G11.1 showed shorter PFS and OS	[100]
lnc-290	↑ in B cells stimulated by LPS	inflammation and tissue damage	female C57Bl/6 mice	GFP + cells	CD69/CD86, LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway	NF-κB/ERK pathways	∆ lnc-290: ↓ growth of B cells, ↓ cell differentiation and ↓ immunoglobulin production, ↓ B cell activation by blocking the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway	[101]
LINC01857	↑	DLBCL	TCGA and GTEX databases, GEO datasets	HCC1395, CYP6D, OCI-Ly3, and Raji	↓ miR-141-3p, ↑ MAP4K4	PI3K/mTOR pathway	↑ proliferation, ↑ EMT process and ↑ cell cycle progression, ↓ apoptosis	[102]
TEX41	↑ in B-ALL	B-ALL	79 patients with B-ALL, 25 patients with T-cell ALL and 38 acute myeloid leukemia	RS4;11 cells	p53 and p21	–	↑ proliferation, ↑ cell growth and ↑ cell cycle progression	[103]
AFAP1-AS1	↑	GCB-DLBCL	48 patients with DLBCL	OCI-ly1 and OCI-ly19 GCB-DLBCL cell lines	SFPQ, NONO, SRSF2, SRSF6, and KHSRP	BCR and TNF signaling pathways	∆ AFAP1-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ G0/G1 arrest and ↑ apoptosis Patients with higher expression levels of AFAP1-AS1 had poorer DFS and OS	[104]
PTTG3P	↑	IgAN	patients with IgAN and healthy controls	B cells	↓ miR-383, cyclin D1 and ki-67, IL-1β and IL-8	–	↑ PTTG3P: ↑ B cell growth and ↑ cyclin D1 and ki-67 expression, ↑ IL-1β and IL-8 production	[95]
SNHG8	↑	DLBCL	–	GM12878 human B lymphocytes and OCI-Ly10, OCI-Ly7, OCI-Ly3, and U2932 human DLBCL cell lines	↓ miR-335-5p	–	∆ SNHG8: ↓ proliferation, ↓ colony formation and ↑ apoptosis	[105]
PCAT1	↑	DLBCL	48 pairs of DLBCL tissues and ANCTs	OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-7, TMD8 and U2932 DLBCL cell lines, IM-9 human peripheral blood B-lymphocyte	↓ miR-508-3p, ↑ NFIB	–	↑ PCAT1: ↑ proliferation, ↑ migration and ↑ invasion	[106]
SBF2-AS1	↑	DLBCL	50 patients with DLBCL	OCI-LY-3, OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-10, SU-DHL-4 and SU-DHL − 6 and HEK293 cells	↓ miR-494-3p, ↑ FGFR2	–	∆ SBF2-AS1: ↓ viability and ↓ growth	[107]
SNHG14	↑	DLBCL	21 patients with DLBCL and 21 healthy controls	GM12878, OCI-LY-7, ABC, OCI-LY-3 and RCK-8	↓ miR-152-3p	–	↑ growth, migration, and EMT-like processes, ↓ apoptosis	[108]
LINC00908	↑	DLBCL	28 pairs of DLBCL tissues and ANCTs, female BALB/c nude mice	GM12878 human lymphoblastoid B cell and OCI-LY7, DB, U2932, and FARAGE human DLBCL cells	miR-671-5p	–	∆ LINC00908: ↓ proliferation and invasion, tumor growth	[109]
TCONS_ 00,022,357-XLOC_010919	↑	GD	Peripheral blood from 34 patients with GD, and 34 healthy controls	CD19 + B cells from 21 healthy individuals and 24 GD patients, PBMCs	TCL1A	–	TCONS_ 00,022,357-XLOC_010919 regulated TCL1A, and TCL1A is involved in B-cell proliferation	[110]
n335641	↑	GD	Peripheral blood from 34 patients with GD, and 34 healthy controls	CD19 + B cells from 21 healthy individuals and 24 GD patients, PBMCs	TCL1A	–	n335641 regulates TCL1A, and TCL1A is involved in B-cell proliferation
n337845	↓	GD	Peripheral blood from 34 patients with GD, and 34 healthy controls	CD19 + B cells from 21 healthy individuals and 24 GD patients, PBMCs	SH2D1A	–	n337845 regulates SH2D1A, and SH2D1A is involved in B-cell proliferation
ZEB1-AS1	↑	B-ALL	30 with B-ALL and 30 healthy controls	hBMSC-TERT	–	IL-11/STAT3 pathway	∆ ZEB1-AS1: ↓ proliferation and IL-11 production High expression levels of ZEB1-AS1 showed poor prognosis of B-ALL patients ZEB1-AS1 promoted IL-11 stability	[111]
UCA1	↑	DLBCL	38 patients with DLBCL and 38 healthy controls	GM12878, JeKo-1, TMD8, U2932, OCI-Ly-10 and OCI-Ly-7 cell lines and U2932	↓ miR-331-3p	–	∆ UCA1: ↓ proliferation, viability, migration and invasion	[112]
LAMP5-AS1	↑ in MLL leukemia patients than that in the MLL-wt leukemia	MLL leukemia	58 patients with MLL leukemia and 163 MLL-wt leukemia, NOD-SCID mice	MOLM13, THP1, MV4-11, RS4-11, and HEK293T human MLL leukemia cells	DOT1L	–	∆ LAMP5-AS1: ↓ colony formation and ↑ differentiation of primary MLL leukemia CD34 + cells Patients with high levels of LAMP5-AS1 showed a reduced 5-year leukemia-free survival LAMP5-AS1 increased the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L	[113]
LINC00152	↑	Gastric cancer	30 pairs of GC tissues and ANCTs, male BALB/c nude mice	RGM‐1 human epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, and human BGC‐823 GC cell	Bcl-2	–	↑ migration and invasion, ↓ apoptosis	[114]
HCP5	↑	DLBCL	48 patients with DLBCL and 14 RLH samples	OCI-LY7 and OCI-LY3 human DLBCL cell lines	↓ miR-27b-3p, ↑ MET	–	∆ HCP5: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis Geniposide treatment: ↓ HCP5	[115]
PEG10	↑	DLBCL	25 patients with DLBCL and 25 healthy controls	SU-DHL-8 and OCI-LY-8 DLBCL cell lines	↓ miR-101-3p, ↑ KIF2A	–	∆ HCP5: ↓ proliferation, migration and invasion, ↑ apoptosis	[116]
GAS5	↓	DLBCL	–	OCI-Ly3 and TMD8 cells	↑ miR-18a-5p, ↓ RUNX1	–	∆ GAS5: ↓ proliferation, ↓ G1 arrest, ↑ apoptosis	[117]
TUG1	↑	DLBCL	15 tumor tissues and venous blood from DLBCL patients, 15 patients with RLH as controls, female BALB/c athymic nude mice	OCI-LY7, and OCI-LY3 human DLBCL cell lines, IM-9I normal B lymphocyte	↑ MET	–	∆ TUG1: ↓ proliferation and tumor growth	[118]
SNHG12	↑	DLBCL	80 patients with activated B-cell like DLBCL, 80 patients with RLH as controls, male BALB/c nude mice	OCI-LY7, and OCI-LY3 human DLBCL cell lines, IM-9I normal B lymphocyte	↓ miR-195	–	∆ SNHG12: ↓ cell growth, ↓ migration, and ↓ invasion	[119]
PANDA	↓	DLBCL	114 patients with DLBCL and 114 healthy controls	U2932, SUDHL-6, SUDHL-3, OCI-Ly3, and OCI-Ly8 human DLBCL cell lines and WIL2S normal B-cell line	p53	MAPK/ERK signaling pathway	↑ G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and ↓ proliferation through silencing MAPK/ERK signaling pathway Low levels of PANDA were associated with poorer clinical outcome and lower OS in DLBCL patients	[120]
GAS5	↓	B lymphocytic leukemia	30 patients with human B lymphocytic leukemia, 30 healthy controls	RAMOS, ST486, Raji, and Farage human B lymphocytic leukemia cell lines and IM9 normal B lymphocytic cell line	miR-222	–	↑ GAS5: ↓ proliferation, and ↓ invasion, ↑ apoptosis and ↑ G1 phase arrest	[121]
DBH-AS1	↑	DLBCL	26 patients with DLBCL	RCK‐8, OCI‐LY‐3, OCI‐LLY‐7, and OCI‐LY‐ 10 human DLBCL cell lines and IM‐9 human peripheral blood B‐lymphocyte	BUD13, FN1	–	∆ DBH-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↓ invasion, and ↓ migration DBH-AS1 regulated FN1 expression by recruiting BUD13	[122]
ROR1-AS1	↑	MCL	5 patients with MCL and 5 healthy controls	Mino, Granta, JVM2 and Z138 MCL cell lines, HEK-293 T cell line	↓ P16, and SOX11 EZH2 and SUZ12 of polycomb repressive complex-2	–	↑ ROR1-AS1: ↑ cell growth and ↓ sensitivity to the treatment with drugs ibrutinib and dexamethasone ROR1-AS1 is involved in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through EZH2/PRC2 complex	[123]
LHFPL3-AS1	↑	Melanoma	461 tumor tissues and 558 normal tissues, BALB/c nude mice	Melanoma stem cells and non-stem cells from MDA-MB-435 cells	↑ PTBP1, ↓ miR-181a-5p, ↑ Bcl-2	–	∆ LHFPL3-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis of melanoma stem cells	[124]
NONHSAG026900	↓	DLBCL	GEO dataset GSE12453 including 11 patients with DLBCL and 25 healthy controls and GSE56315, GSE11318, GSE23501, GSE53786, GSE10846, and GSE31312	–	–	–	↓ proliferation and cell cycle progression	[125]
SNHG16	↑	DLBCL	DLBCL tissues (21 GCB and 27 non‐GCB) and 14 RLH tissues as controls, male NOD/SCID mice	OCI‐LY7 and OCI‐LY3	↓ miR-497-5p, ↑ PIM1	–	∆ SNHG16: ↓ proliferation, growth, and cell cycle progression, ↑ apoptosis	[126]
NEAT1–1	↑ in DLBCL tissues	DLBCL	64 patients with DLBCL and 15 patients with lymphnoditis	OCI-Ly1 and SUDHL-4 DLBCL cell lines	–	–	∆ NEAT1_1: ↓ viability and migration, ↑ apoptosis High levels of NEAT1_1 were correlated with stage, IPI, extranodal site involvement and drug response	[127]
TUC338	↑	DLBCL	102 pairs of DLBCL and normal tissues, serum specimens of 35 patients with DLBCL and 35 healthy controls, BALB/c nude mice	U2932 and OCI-Ly3 DLBCL cell lines	↓ miR-28-5p, ↑ EGFR	↑ PI3K/AKT signaling,	∆ TUC338: ↓ proliferation and chemotherapy resistance to Adriamycin, ↑ apoptosis Patients with high TUC338 showed shorter survival time	[128]
LINC00857	↑	DLBCL	87 pairs of DLBCL tissues and ANCTs	HMy2.CIR lymphoblast cell line, SU-DHL-6, SU-DHL-4 and SU-DHL-10 DLBCL cell lines	↓ miR-370-3p, ↑ CBX3	–	↑ LINC00857: ↑ proliferation and cycle progression, ↓ apoptosis ∆ TUC338: ↓ proliferation and, ↑ apoptosis	[129]
Lnc-IRF2-3 and Lnc-ZNF667-AS1	↑	B-CLL	135 patients with B-CLL and 30 healthy controls	–	–	–	Patients with high levels of Lnc-IRF2-3 had a significant decrease in OS and PFS High levels of Lnc-IRF2-3 and Lnc-ZNF667-AS1 were associated with poor survival	[130]
LINC00963	↓	DLBCL	GTEx and TCGA databases (normal N = 337, tumor T = 48), nude mice	SUDHL4, OCI-Ly1, HBL1 and OCI-Ly3 DLBCL cell lines and GM12878 Non-cancerous human B lymphocytes	↑ miR-320a, ↓ XBP1	–	↑ LINC00963: ↓ proliferation, and tumor growth, ↑ apoptosis and autophagy	[131]
LEF1-AS1	↑	CLL	–	primary CLL cells and normal B cells	↑ LEF1	–	↑ LEF1-AS1: ↑ proliferation and ↓ apoptosis	[132]
PVT1	↑	MM	137 patients with MM and 62 patients with MGUS, and 21 control patients with lymphoma	KMS11, KMS12PE, KMS12BM, KMS26, KMM1, OPM2, RPMI8226	↑ MYC, BRD4	–	High levels of PVT1 were positively correlated with disease progression JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor): ↓ proliferation and ↓ expression levels of MYC and PVT1	[133]
BALR-2	↑	B-ALL	160 patients with B-ALL	RS4;11 and MV4;11, Reh, 697, Nalm-6, and 70Z/3 murine pre-B-cell leukemic cell line, and HEK 293 T cell line	–	Glucocorticoid response pathway	∆ BALR-2: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis and sensitivity to prednisolone treatment prednisolone treatment: ↓ BALR-2 expression	[134]
FAS-AS1	↓	Lymphoma	–	Granta-519 cells and Peripheral blood B-lymphocytes from healthy donors’ blood	↑ sFas, RBM5, ↑ EZH2,	–	FAS-AS1 could regulate alternative splicing of Fas in lymphomas Expression of FAS-AS1 could repress by EZH2	[135]
LUNAR1	↑	DLBCL	87 patients with DLBCL and 28 samples with reactive lymph nodes as controls	OCI-LY-3, OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-10, SU-DHL-4, SU-DHL-6 and RCK-8 DLBCL cell lines	–	–	∆ LUNAR1: ↓ proliferation LUNAR1 expression was found to serve as an independent predictor for OS and PFS	[136]
HOTAIR	↑	DLBCL	50 lymph node samples from patients with DLBCL and 20 samples with reactive lymph nodes as controls	RCK-8, OCL-LY-10, OCL-LY-7, SU-DHL-6 and SU-DHL-4 DLBCL cell lines	–	PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway	∆ HOTAIR: ↓ growth, cell cycle progression, ↑ apoptosis	[137]
RP11-530C5.1	↑	MS	GEO database and GSE21942, 50 MS patients and 25 controls	–	PAWR	–	–	[96]
AL928742.12	↓	MS	GEO database and GSE21942, 50 patients with MS and 25 controls	–	IGHA2	–	–
PEG10	↑	DLBCL	107 patients with DLBCL and 46 samples with reactive lymph nodes as controls	OCI-LY-3, OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-10, RCK-8, SU-DHL-4 and SU-DHL-6 DLBCL cell lines	–	–	∆ PEG10: ↓ growth, ↑ apoptosis PEG10 levels were significantly associated with B symptoms, IPI score, CHOP-like treatment and rituximab	[138]
HULC	↑	DLBCL	142 patients with DLBCL and 60 samples with reactive lymph nodes as controls	OCI–LY–3, OCI–LY–7, OCI–LY–10, SU–DHL–4, SU–DHL–6 and RCK–8 human DLBCL cell lines	–	–	∆ HULC: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis HULC was strongly associated with Ann Arbor stages, B symptoms, CHOP-like treatment, rituximab and IPI	[139]
lincRNA-p21	↓	DLBCL	105 patients with DLBCL	SU-DHL-2, OCI-LY-3, OCI- LY-10, SU-DHL-4 and OCI-LY-7 human DLBCL cell lines	–	–	↑ lincRNA-p21: ↓ proliferation and cycle progression Patients with high expression levels of lincRNA-p21 showed a favorable OS and PFS	[140]
Murine studies
BALR-6	↑	B-ALL	Post bone marrow transplant, blood, bone marrow, thymus and spleen were collected from the mice	RS4;11 and MV, Reh, 697, Nalm-6, 70Z/3 murine pre B-cell leukemic cell line, and the HEK 293 T cell line	SP1, CREB1	–	∆ BALR-6: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis ↑ BALR-6: ↑ survival, proliferation and expansion of hematopoietic progenitor populations in vivo	[141]
RP11-301G19.1	↑	MM	Female BALB/c-nude mice	U266, RPMI8226, OPM-2, MM-1S, NCI- H929 MM cell lines and 293 T normal plasma cells	↓ miR-582-5p, ↑ HMGB2	PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	∆ RP11-301G19.1: ↓ proliferation and cell cycle progression, ↑ apoptosis	[142]
HULC	↑	DLBCL	Male BALB/C mice	SU-DHL-8, SU-DHL-10 human DLBCL cell lines	β-elemene	–	↑ HULC: ↓ apoptosis	[143]
lnc00492	↑	–	lnc00492−/− and lnc00492 + / + mice	B220 + B cells, MZ B-cells	↓ CTBP1	Notch2 signaling pathway	Lnc00492 is necessary for marginal zone B-cell development	[144]
MALAT-1	↑	DLBCL	Female BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice	IM-9 cells, B lymphocytes IM-9I from healthy people and Farage, Pfeiffer, Raji, Daud, Ly1, Ly3, Ly8, and Ly10 from patients with DLBCL	↓ LC3-II/LC3-I, ↑ p62	–	∆ U MALAT-1: ↓ migration, survival rate, the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phase, and tumor volume and weight, ↑ the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase	[145]
NEAT1	↑	SLE	Lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice	PBMCs, B220 + B cells, G-MDSCs or M-MDSCs from MRL/lpr mice	BAFF	IFN-I signaling	↑ promotion of G-MDSCs ∆ NEAT1: ↓ lupus symptoms and inhibits IFN-I signaling activation	[146]