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. 2022 Feb 22;15:65. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05173-2

Table 4.

Co-detection rates observed in positive ticks for at least one pathogen by location, tick species and developmental stage

HD TG UM HN PZ Total
IR DR IR DR HC IR HC IR HC DR IR DR HC
A N A A N A A N A N N A A N A N A N A N
Total positive ticks 185 6 63 75 21 3 6 8 33 3 1 5 66 1 293 31 132 1 11 8
B. microti + B. afzelii 13.0 0 0 8.0 4.8 0 0 0 18.2 0 0 0 0 0 12.3 3.2 0 0 0 0
B. microti + Borrelia sp. 5.4 33.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4 6.5 0 0 0 0
Babesia sp. + B. afzelii 0.5 0 0 0 4.8 0 0 0 6.1 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 3.2 0 0 0 0
Babesia sp. + Borrelia sp. 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0 0
B. microti + R. helvetica 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0 0
Babesia sp. + R. helvetica 0.5 0 0 0 4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0 0
Babesia sp. + Rickettsia sp. 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0
B. afzelii + R. helvetica 3.8 0 0 8 33.3 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 4.4 25.8 0 0 0 0
B. valaisiana + R. helvetica 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0
Borrelia spp. + R. helvetica 0.5 16.7 0 0 4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 6.5 0 0 0 0
A. phagocytophilum + R. helvetica 0 0 0 2.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0 0
A. phagocytophilum + Rickettsia sp. 0 0 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0 0 0
B. microti + B. afzelii + R. helvetica 0.5 0 0 1.3 4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 3.2 0 0 0 0
B. microti + B. afzelii + R. monacensis 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0
B. microti + B. afzelii + Rickettsia sp. 0 0 0 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0
B. microti + Borrelia sp. + R. helvetica 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0
B. microti + Borrelia sp. + Rickettsia sp. 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0
Babesia sp. + B. afzelii + R. helvetica 0 0 0 0 4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0 0
Total co-infections 29.2 50 1.6 21.3 61.9 0 0 0 24.2 0 100 0 0 0 26.6 54.8 0.8 0 0 0

HD Hohe Düne, TG Torgelow, HN Holländerei, UM Ueckermünde, PZ Putzar, IR Ixodes ricinus, DR Dermacentor reticulatus, HC Haemaphysalis concinna, A adults, N nymphs