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. 2022 Feb 22;19:24. doi: 10.1186/s12984-022-00999-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Meta-analyses indicating the effects of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) to the affected M1 in modulating bilateral cortical excitability. A meta-analysis indicated that multiple sessions of HF-rTMS applied to the affected M1 significantly decreased the rMT of the affected M1 (a). A single session of HF-rTMS significantly increases MEP amplitudes of the affected M1 by 73.11% (b). Multiple sessions of HF-rTMS also significantly increased MEP amplitudes of the affected M1 (c). However, multiple sessions of stimulation had no effects on the MEP amplitude of the unaffected M1 (d). rMT resting motor threshold, MEP motor-evoked potentials