Table 2.
Asthma-relateda emergency department (ED) visits among all-cause ED visits by selected characteristics—National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2010–2015.
| All-cause ED visits |
Asthma-related ED visits |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Number of visits | Weighted number (SE) | Number of visits | Weighted number (SE) | Percent (95% CI) | p-valueb,c | PR (95% CI) |
| Total | 165,155 | 134,287,679 (3,498,708) | 2,271 | 1,770,769 (80,155) | 1.32 (1.22–1.42) | ||
| Sex | 0.044b | ||||||
| Male | 74,597 | 60,078,909 (1,573,624) | 1,067 | 848,319 (52,605) | 1.41 (1.27–1.57) | Referent | |
| Female | 90,558 | 74,208,769 (1,966,669) | 1,204 | 922,449 (43,292) | 1.24 (1.14–1.35) | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | |
| Age group (years) | <0.001 b | ||||||
| Children (0–17) | 36,469 | 29,876,705 (1,112,132) | 964 | 786,212 (57,873) | 2.63 (2.37–2.93) | 2.28 (1.96–2.65) | |
| Adults (18 and over) | 128,686 | 104,410,973 (2,765,896) | 1,307 | 984,556 (46,678) | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | Referent | |
| Age group (years) | 165,155 | <0.001 b,c | |||||
| 0–4 | 16,031 | 13,335,725 (582,455) | 338 | 266,879 (29,634) | 2.00 (1.66–2.40) | 1.71 (1.36–2.16) | |
| 5–17 | 20,438 | 16,540,981 (579,475) | 626 | 519,333 (42,462) | 3.14 (2.76–3.57) | 2.88 (2.40–3.45) | |
| 18–34 | 43,569 | 35,829,093 (1,054,497) | 490 | 368,491 (26,845) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | Referent | |
| 35–64 | 59,676 | 47,829,630 (1,282,992) | 693 | 534,114 (31,078) | 1.12 (1.00–1.24) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | |
| 65 and over | 25,441 | 20,752,251 (575,956) | 124 | 81,952 (10,582) | 0.39 (0.31–0.51) | 0.50 (0.34–0.74) | |
| Race and ethnicity | 165,155 | <0.001 b,c | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 96,636 | 79,509,137 (2,217,107) | 850 | 674,593 (37,146) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | Referent | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 36,501 | 30,021,697 (1,386,297) | 866 | 652,671 (45,637) | 2.17 (1.96–2.42) | 2.26 (1.97–2.60) | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 5,929 | 3,938,685 (243,748) | 79 | 55,767 (8,774) | 1.42 (1.06–1.90) | 1.54 (1.09–2.17) | |
| Hispanic | 26,089 | 20,818,160 (961,951) | 476 | 387,738 (37,742) | 1.86 (1.60–2.17) | 1.74 (1.47–2.08) | |
| U.S. Census regiond | <0.001 b,c | ||||||
| Northeast | 35,187 | 23,476,254 (1,234,567) | 631 | 432,429 (37,815) | 1.84 (1.58–2.14) | 1.60 (1.30–1.97) | |
| Midwest | 39,601 | 31,181,053 (1,889,944) | 546 | 397,954 (39,624) | 1.28 (1.08–1.51) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | |
| South | 57,163 | 51,721,461 (2,126,536) | 704 | 632,957 (48,849) | 1.22 (1.09–1.38) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | |
| West | 33,204 | 27,908,911 (1,620,627) | 390 | 307,429 (32,230) | 1.10 (0.93–1.31) | Referent | |
| Expected source of payment | <0.001 b,c | ||||||
| Private insurance | 46,954 | 38,357,531 (1,241,363) | 593 | 464,381 (31,812) | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) | Referent | |
| Medicare | 29,943 | 24,432,959 (691,397) | 197 | 145,328 (17,331) | 0.59 (0.47–0.75) | 0.95 (0.66–1.36) | |
| Medicaid/CHIP | 47,968 | 37,978,873 (1,252,502) | 1,002 | 772,275 (50,435) | 2.03 (1.84–2.25) | 1.23 (1.05–1.43) | |
| Othere | 28,360 | 23,627,118 (771,937) | 315 | 246,920 (21,593) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; χ2, chi-square test for independence; PR, prevalence ratios adjusted for all independent variables in the multi-variable logistic regression models; CHIP, Children’s Health Insurance Program.
Primary diagnosis for ED visit was asthma (ICD-9-CM code 493.0).
p-Value of < 0.01 is used to determine statistically significant association between two categorical variables using chi-square test.
Using t-test (two-tailed) at alpha = 0.01, the percentage of asthma-related ED visits were significantly different between 0–4 years and aged 5–17 years (p < 0.001), between aged 65 years and older and aged 18–34 years (p < 0.001); between Non–Hispanic (NH) whites; between NH whites and NH Blacks (p < 0.001), between NH whites and NH other race (p = 0.009), and between NH whites and Hispanics (p < 0.001); between Northeast and Midwest (p < 0.001), between Northeast and. South (p < 0.001), between Northeast and West (p < 0.001); and between private insurance coverage and Medicare (p < 0.001), and between private insurance coverage and Medicaid/CHIP (p < 0.001), and between Medicare and Medicaid/CHIP (p < 0.001).
U.S. nation’s four main regions as defined by the Census Bureau: the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.
Includes worker’s compensation, no charge, charity, self-pay, or other.