Table 3.
Asthma-relateda hospital admission among all-cause hospital admissions after emergency department (ED) visits by selected characteristics—National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2010–2015.
| All-cause hospital admissions after an ED visit |
Percentage of asthma-related hospital admission after an ED visit |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Number of visits | Weighted number (SE) | Number of visits | Weighted number (SE) | Percent (95% CI) | p-valueb,c | PR (95% CI) |
| Total | 18,150 | 13,934,424 (487,859) | 203 | 155,891 (15,797) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | ||
| Sex | 0.074b | ||||||
| Male | 8,484 | 6,589,622 (240,983) | 85 | 60,716 (9,824) | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | Referent | |
| Female | 9,666 | 7,344,802 (266,365) | 118 | 95,175 (11,828) | 1.30 (1.02–1.64) | 1.60 (1.08–2.36) | |
| Age group (years) | < 0.001 b | ||||||
| Children (0–17) | 1,112 | 816,957 (68,163) | 69 | 56,521 (10,752) | 6.92 (5.03–9.45) | 8.75 (5.93–12.92) | |
| Adults (≥18) | 17,038 | 13,117,467 (464,956) | 134 | 99,370 (11,665) | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | Referent | |
| Age group (years) | <0.001 b,c | ||||||
| 0–4 | 530 | 390,303 (41,336) | 34 | 28,546 (7,629) | 7.31 (4.70–11.22) | 6.64 (3.45–12.75) | |
| 5–17 | 582 | 426,654 (35,338) | 35 | 27,975 (7,104) | 6.56 (4.05–10.44) | 6.44 (3.18–13.02) | |
| 18–34 | 2,336 | 1,511,103 (69,525) | 24 | 17,980 (4,332) | 1.19 (0.74–1.90) | Referent | |
| 35–64 | 7,140 | 5,507,718 (216,099) | 75 | 56,986 (8,658) | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) | 1.02 (0.54–1.90) | |
| ≥65 | 7,562 | 6,098,646 (230,378) | 35 | 24,405 (5,752) | 0.40 (0.25–0.63) | 0.76 (0.31–1.88) | |
| Race and ethnicity | <0.001 b,c | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 11,880 | 9,468,292 (363,802) | 73 | 52,796 (8,458) | 0.56 (0.41–0.76) | Referent | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 3,190 | 2,410,347 (141,638) | 76 | 59,269 (8,988) | 2.46 (1.87–3.22) | 3.25 (2.07–5.12) | |
| Non-Hispanic othere | 764 | 435,438 (42,864) | 8–e | –e | –e | –e | |
| Hispanic | 2,316 | 1,620,347 (101,740) | 46 | 38,150 (7,619) | 2.35 (1.62–3.40) | 2.42 (1.46–4.00) | |
| U.S. Census region | 0.469b,c | ||||||
| Northeast | 4,574 | 2,990,590 (212,254) | 53 | 36,117 (7,011) | 1.21 (0.83–1.76) | 1.06 (0.60–1.90) | |
| Midwest | 4,377 | 3,371,954 (253,766) | 48 | 29,224 (5,704) | 0.87 (0.60–1.26) | 0.87 (0.48–1.60) | |
| South | 5,764 | 5,020,189 (312,406) | 66 | 62,584 (11,172) | 1.25 (0.89–1.74) | 0.86 (0.47–1.57) | |
| West | 3,435 | 2,551,691 (176,262) | 36 | 27,965 (6,560) | 1.10 (0.70–1.72) | Referent | |
| Expected source of payment | <0.001 b,c | ||||||
| Private insurance | 4,078 | 3,180,669 (144,181) | 45 | 41,701 (8,446) | 1.31 (0.88–1.94) | Referent | |
| Medicare | 7,948 | 6,404,121 (253,706) | 43 | 26,572 (5,395) | 0.41 (0.28–0.62) | 0.54 (0.26–1.11) | |
| Medicaid/CHIP | 3,364 | 2,305,918 (110,217) | 85 | 59,642 (9,213) | 2.59 (1.95–3.43) | 1.01 (0.64–1.59) | |
| Othere,f | 1,694 | 1,273,741 (70,302) | 16–e | –e | –e | –e | |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; χ2, chi-square test for independence; PR, prevalence ratios adjusted for all independent variables in the multi-variable logistic regression models; CHIP, Children’s Health Insurance Program.
Primary diagnosis for ED visit was asthma (ICD-9-CM code 493.0).
p-Value of <0.01 is used to determine statistically significant association between two categorical variables using chi-square (χ2) test.
Using t-test (two-tailed) at alpha = 0.01, the percentage of asthma-related hospital admissions were significantly different between adults aged 65 years and older and aged 18–34 years (0.008); between non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites (<0.001), between non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics (<0.001); and between those with private insurance and Medicare (0.001), between private insurance and Medicaid/CHIP (0.003), between Medicare and Medicaid/CHIP (p<0.001).
U.S. nation’s four main regions as defined by the Census Bureau: the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.
Relative standard error of the estimate is greater than 30% or number of visits is less than 30; estimate is unstable.
Includes worker’s compensation, no charge, charity, self-pay, or other