Fig. 2.

The predicted risk of a cardiopulmonary complication associated with the perioperative fluid balance following emergency gastrointestinal surgery. The blue line shows the predicted risk of a complication. The shaded area is the 95% confidence interval. We used a generalized additive model with smoothing splines and four degrees of freedom. The parametric effect is p < 0.001 and the non-parametric effect is p = 0.015. The parametric calculation tests whether the fluid balance is linear associated with complications. The non-parametric analysis tests whether smoothing splines adds further precision to a linear relation of the model. A p-value < 0.01 is considered significant