Figure 4.

Increase in immunoregulatory and immunosenescent subsets at post‐AHSCT timepoints in MS patients. The frequencies of (A) CD4⁺ Tregs, (B) CD39⁺ Tregs, (C) CD56^hi NK cells and (D) CD8⁺CD28⁻CD57⁺ T cells. The frequencies in graphs (A) and (B) are shown as a percentage of CD4⁺, (C) as percentage of CD3⁻, and (D) as percentage of CD8⁺. (E) Zebra plots showing CD56^hi NK cell subset, with numbers on the plots indicating their percentage gated from CD3^– parent population. (F) Zebra plots showing CD28^–CD57⁺ subset, with numbers on the plots indicating their percentage gated from CD8⁺ parent population. Gating strategy can be obtained in Figure S3. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed‐effects model (p < 0.05) and multiple comparisons adjusted using Holm‐Sidak method. Logarithmic transformations were performed for analysing difference between pre‐AHSCT and post‐AHSCT timepoint in CD4⁺ Tregs, CD39⁺ Tregs and CD56^hi NK cells. Statistical analysis between MS at pre‐/36M post‐AHSCT and HCs was performed using independent two‐sample t‐tests (p < 0.05). Pre‐AHSCT (Pre‐Tx) n = 20, 24 months (24M) n = 22, 36 months (36M) n = 22, HCs n = 18. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Grey bars and asterisks indicate cross‐sectional comparison between MS at pre‐/36M post‐AHSCT and HC cohorts, whereas black bars and asterisks indicate longitudinal comparison between pre‐ and post‐AHSCT timepoints within MS cohort.