Table 1.
Randomised controlled trials included in the systematic review and meta-analysis
| Trial | Diagnostic criteria | Type of depression | Treatments (dose range/number of sessions) |
No. randomised | Treatment duration (selected time-point, weeks) | Age range and mean age (years) | Proportion of female | Recruitment | Baseline severity scale | Mean baseline severity, mean (SD) | Type of blinding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bernstein 2000 | DSM-III-R | MDD |
Imipramine+CBT (3 mg/day per kg; 8 sessions) Pill-PBO+CBT (8 sessions) |
31/32 | 8 (8) | 12-18 (13.9) | 60% | United States | CDRS-R (clinician-reported) | 49.7 (10.5) | Double-blind |
| Clarke 2005 | DSM-IV | MDD |
SSRI+CBT (unfixed dose; 5.3 sessions) SSRI (10-60mg/day) |
77/75 | 12 (12) | 12-18 (15.3) | 78% | United States | HAMD-14 | 21.5 (6.3) | Single-blind (assessor-blind) |
| Cornelius 2009 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Fluoxetine+CBT (10-20 mg/day; 9 sessions) Pill-PBO+CBT (9 sessions) |
24/26 | 12 (12) | 15-20 (Not stated) | 56% | United States | HAMD-27 (clinician-reported) | 20.0 (8.5) | Double-blind |
| Davey 2019 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Fluoxetine+CBT (20-40 mg/day; 12 sessions) Pill-PBO+CBT (12 sessions) |
24/25 | 12 (12) | 15-25 (19.6 )a | 67% | Australia | MADRS (clinician-reported) | 32.0 (5.5) | Double-blind |
| Deas 2000 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Sertraline+CBT (25-100mg/day; 12 sessions) Pill-PBO+CBT (12 sessions) |
5/5 | 12 (12) | 15-18 (16.6) | 20% | United States | HAMD-24 (clinician-reported) | 20.6 (5.2) | Double-blind |
| Fristad 2019 | DSM-IV-TR | MDD |
Omega-3+PEP (1870 mg/day; 12 sessions) Pill-PBO+PEP (12 sessions) Omega-3 (1870 mg/day) |
17/19/18 | 12 (12) | 7-14 (11.6) | 43% | United States | CDRS-R (clinician-reported) | 41.4 (10.2) | Double-blind |
| Goodyer 2008 | DSM-IV | MDD |
SSRI +CBT (unfixed dose; 12 sessions) SSRI (unfixed dose) |
105/103 | 12 (12) | 11-17 (14.0) | 74% | United Kingdom | CDRS-R (clinician-reported) | 58.9 (9.9) | Single-blind (assessor-blind) |
| Gunlicks-Stoessel 2019 | DSM-IV-TR | MDD |
Fluoxetine+IPT (10-20mg/day; 12 sessions) IPT (12 sessions ) |
7/6 | 8 (8) | 12-18 (14.8) | 77% | United States | CDRS-R (clinician-reported) | 55.3 (10.5) | Single-blind (assessor-blind) |
| Iftene 2015 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Sertraline+CBT (25-50mg/day; 16 sessions) Sertraline (25-50mg/day) CBT (16 sessions) |
27/33/28 | 16 (8) | 11-17 (15.3) | 56% | Romania | CDI (self-reported) | 24.0 (5.8) | Not stated (self-reported scale) |
| Kim 2012 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Buproion+CBT (150-300mg/day; 8 sessions) Buproion (150-300mg/day) |
35/37 | 8 (8) | 13-18 (16.1) | 0% | South Korea | BDI (self-reported) | 33.0 (8.7) | Not stated (self-reported scale) |
| Mandoki 1997 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Venlafaxine+CBT (12.5-75 mg/day; 6 sessions) Pill-PBO+CBT (6 sessions) |
20/20 | 6 (6) | 8-17 (12.8) | 76% | United States | CDRS (clinician-reported) | 34.8 (Not stated) | Double-blind |
| March 2004 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Fluoxetine+CBT (10-40 mg/day; 15 sessions) Fluoxetine (10-40 mg/day) CBT (15 sessions) |
107/109/111 | 12 (12) | 12-17 (14.6) | 54% | United States | CDRS-R (clinician-reported) | 59.8 (4.5) | Double-blind (fluoxetine); assessor-blind (CBT, fluoxetine+CBT) |
| Melvin 2006 | DSM-IV | MDD, dysthymia, or DDNOS |
Sertraline + CBT (25-100 mg/day; 12 sessions) Sertraline (25-100 mg/day per kg) CBT (12 sessions) |
25/26/22 | 12 (12) | 12-18 (15.3) | 66% | Australia | RADS (self-reported) | 84.2 (13.2) | Non-blind (self-reported scale) |
| Riggs 2007 | DSM-IV | MDD |
Fluoxetine+CBT (20 mg/day; 16 sessions) Pill-PBO+CBT (16 sessions) |
63/63 | 16 (8) | 13-19 (17.2) | 33% | United States | CDRS-R (clinician-reported) | 56.8 (13.4) | Double-blind |
aOnly patients younger than 18 years old were included in this study
SD Standard deviation; DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; MDD Major depressive disorder; CBT Cognitive behavioural therapy; Pill-PBO Pill placebo; CDRS-R Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised; SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; HAMD Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MADRS Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PEP Psychoeducational psychotherapy; IPT Interpersonal therapy; CDI Children’s Depression Inventory; BDI Beck Depression Inventory; DDNOS Depressive disorder-not otherwise specified; RADS Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale