Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to sleep quality
| Variable | Total (n = 21,926) | Good (n = 17,320) | Poor (n = 4606) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 55.93 ± 12.44 | 55.16 ± 12.74 | 58.81 ± 10.81 | < 0.001 |
| Women n (%) | 13,272 (60.53) | 9974 (57.59) | 3298 (71.60) | < 0.001 |
| Educational level n (%) | ||||
| Elementary school or below | 9834 (44.85) | 7324 (42.29) | 2510 (54.49) | < 0.001 |
| Junior high school | 8192 (37.36) | 6657 (38.43) | 1535 (33.33) | |
| Senior high school or above | 3900 (17.79) | 3339 (19.28) | 561 (12.18) | |
| Marital status n (%) | ||||
| Married/cohabiting | 19,714 (89.91) | 15,694 (90.61) | 4020 (87.28) | < 0.001 |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 1856 (8.46) | 1323 (7.64) | 533 (11.57) | |
| Single | 356 (1.62) | 303 (1.75) | 53 (1.15) | |
| Average monthly income n (%) | ||||
| < 500 RMB | 8376 (38.20) | 6373 (36.80) | 2002 (43.46) | < 0.001 |
| 500- RMB | 6961 (31.75) | 5549 (32.04) | 1412 (30.66) | |
| ≥ 1000 RMB | 6589 (30.05) | 5397 (31.16) | 1192 (25.88) | |
| Physical activity n (%) | ||||
| Low | 7510 (34.25) | 5936 (34.27) | 1574 (34.17) | 0.028 |
| Moderate | 7282 (33.21) | 5685 (32.82) | 1597 (34.67) | |
| High | 7134 (32.54) | 5699 (32.91) | 1435 (31.16) | |
| Current smoking n (%) | 4191 (19.11) | 3532 (20.39) | 659 (14.31) | < 0.001 |
| Current drinking n (%) | 3783 (17.25) | 3204 (18.50) | 579 (12.57) | < 0.001 |
| Napping n (%) | 15,643 (71.34) | 12,570 (72.58) | 3073 (66.72) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 24.97 ± 3.61 | 24.96 ± 3.60 | 25.02 ± 3.64 | 0.313 |
| Chronic disease n (%) | 13,727 (62.61) | 10,601 (61.21) | 3126 (67.87) | < 0.001 |
| Utility index (mean ± SD) | 0.923 ± 0.113 | 0.964 ± 0.094 | 0.909 ± 0.160 | < 0.001 |
| VAS scores (mean ± SD) | 78.09 ± 14.90 | 79.69 ± 14.08 | 72.10 ± 16.33 | < 0.001 |
T-test was performed to compare the differences in continuous variables; Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the categorical variables
SD, standard deviation; RMB, Renminbi; BMI, Body mass index