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. 2022 Feb 21;41:71. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02237-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — circCUL2-overexpression NFs promote PDAC progression in vivo. A Representative Bioluminescence images, lung and HE staining of lung tissue of mice 4 weeks after tail vein injection of luc-PANC-1 cell treated with conditioned medium as indicated (n = 8 per group). Scale bar, 100 μm. B Relative luminescence intensity in each group. C Histogram analysis of the metastatic nodules number in per lung. D lung metastasis rate of each group (Chi-square test). E-F Representative bioluminescence images and histogram analysis of luminescence intensity in each at day 30 are shown (n = 6). G Abdominal metastasis rate was calculated for indicated group (Chi-square test). H Representative images of orthotopic model in each group on which autopsy was performed. Red arrow indicated primary tumor; S, spleen; T, primary tumor; M, metastasis. I Images of PDX from 2 patients in 5 mice. (J) Tumor growth curves of indicated group (n = 5). K qRT–PCR analysis of circCUL2 levels in PDX of mice before and after treatment. L Representative images of IHC for PDGFRα and IL6. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001 (two-tailed Student t-tests)