TABLE 1.
Aetiology and plain imaging findings
| Patient ID | Raised hemidiaphragm on chest radiograph | Further static imaging | Symptoms | Aetiology |
| 1 | Yes | CT thorax: ipsilateral lobectomy, no mass | Shortness of breath, cough | Post-thoracic surgery |
| 2 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Infection |
| 3 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Traumatic: neck hyperextension |
| 4 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Idiopathic |
| 5 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause, right basal atelectasis (contralateral to abnormal diaphragm) | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance, cough, chest pain | Idiopathic |
| 6 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause, right basal atelectasis (contralateral to abnormal diaphragm) | Exertional breathlessness | Idiopathic |
| 7 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass; bronchiectasis and basal atelectasis bilaterally | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Idiopathic |
| 8 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause, healed rib fractures | Cough, shortness of breath | Traumatic: fall |
| 9 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass; atelectasis in upper and lower lobes bilaterally | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Idiopathic |
| 10 | No | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, cough | Normal |
| 11 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath | Idiopathic |
| 12 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Phrenic nerve palsy of unknown aetiology |
| 13 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause, right basal atelectasis (contralateral to abnormal diaphragm) | Shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance | Idiopathic |
| 14 | No | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, fatigue | Normal |
| 15 | Yes | No CT | Shortness of breath | Idiopathic |
| 16 | Yes | CT thorax: LUL mass (contralateral to abnormal diaphragm) | Shortness of breath | Malignant |
| 17 | No | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath | Normal |
| 18 | Yes | CT thorax: LLL consolidation (contralateral to abnormal diaphragm) | Shortness of breath, cough | Infection |
| 19 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath, cough | Idiopathic |
| 20 | Yes | CT thorax: pleural thickening, no mass | Shortness of breath, cough | Post-cardiac surgery |
| 21 | Yes | CT thorax: no mass/other cause | Shortness of breath | Idiopathic |
CT: computed tomography; LUL: left upper lobe; LLL: left lower lobe.