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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2021 Jan 22;157(3):413–428. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15288

Figure 3. Potential roles of exosomes in neuropathology and clinical applications.

Figure 3

Exosomes can bi-directionally transfer proteins and genetic material between neurons and glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes. Such cell-cell interactions contribute to pathological progression and spread in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. On the other hand, exosomes and other exosome-like extracellular vesicles have also been investigated as potential tools for the delivery of therapeutics and biomarkers.