Table 2. Mean square values for biochemical and yield attributes of spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae L.) plants with priming and foliar application of ZnNPs under saline conditions.

Source of variation	Salinity (S)	Treatment (T) ZnNPs	Salinity * Treatment	Error
Shoot Length	475.373***	24.506ns	5.246ns	13.3
Root Length	50.82*	8.088ns	2.983ns	7.381
Shoot fresh weight	1669.627***	114454ns	39.496ns	54.221
Root fresh weight	32.138***	4.494*	1.441ns	1.324
Shoot dry weight	17.012***	1.889*	1.189ns	0.701
Root dry weight	1.452***	0.232**	0.097ns	0.057
No. of leaves	64.381**	20.873*	5.381ns	6.929
Chl a	2.827***	0.069ns	0.057ns	0.035
Chl b	0039***	0.001ns	0.002ns	0.003
Chl t	3.529***	0.060ns	0.047ns	0.035
Carotenoids	3.975**	8.643ns	3.235ns	3.690
No. of leaves	64.381**	20.873*	5.381ns	6.929
Anthocyanin	42.681***	0.610ns	1.588ns	2.406
Total soluble proteins	6.512***	0.0583ns	0.042ns	0.083
Total soluble sugars	0.0079***	4.1522ns	6.675ns	4.796
Total free amino acids	0.345**	0.018ns	0.004ns	0.039
Phenolics	0.645ns	0.925ns	0.936ns	0.503
Flavonoid contents	0.014	0.013ns	0.022ns	0.009
Reducing sugars	47278.999ns	47099.906ns	47320.075ns	4.723
MDA	116.022***	1.077ns	0.479ns	9.643
CAT	10188.269***	82.879ns	813.617ns	517.357
POD	3446.346ns	38.686ns	182.530ns	961.884
SOD	2043.732ns	1392.351ns	2105.156ns	1004.179
H2O2	0.0013ns	0.0039*	0.0012ns	0.001
Ascorbic acid	14.081***	1.507*	0.865	0.506
df	1	6	6	28

Df degrees of freedom, ns nonsignificant, ***, **Significant at 0.001, 0.01 and *at 0.05 level of significance at 5% probability.