Table 2. Treatment and outcomes of snakebite patients admitted to Abdurafi field hospital between 2015 and 2019.
| Fav-Afrique (n = 149) | VacSera (n = 164) | EchiTAb-PLUS-ICP (n = 156) | No antivenom (n = 312) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time from bite until admission in hours (IQR) | 10.0 (3.9–21.0) | 7.4 (3.8–21.0) | 7.7 (3.8–18.7) | 7.0 (4.0–17.0) | 0.519 |
| Time from admission to AV administration in hours (IQR) | 1.5 (0.5–11.3), n = 54 | 6.0 (0.3–23.3), n = 131 | 8.8 (0.0–24.4), n = 136 | - | 0.319 |
| Total time from bite to AV administration in hours (IQR) | 18.4 (10.3–37.9), n = 54 | 25.0 (13.0–43.0), n = 131 | 22.2 (12.5–48.9), n = 136 | - | 0.284 |
| Number vials of AV administered | 2 (2–6)** | 4 (4–22)*** | 3 (3–9)** | - | <0.001 |
| Time until blood clotting restoration in days (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.066 |
| Severe envenomation n (%) | 24 (16.1) | 36 (22.0) | 4 (2.6) | 17 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Hospital duration in days (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| Outcome n (%) | |||||
| Uncomplicated | 138 (93.2) | 122 (74.4) | 141 (90.4) | 299 (98.4) | |
| Antivenom reaction | 2 (1.3) | 30 (18.3) | 11 (7.1) | - | |
| Referred | 6 (4.0) | 9 (5.5) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (1.6) | |
| Died | 2 (1.3) | 8 (4.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Adverse outcome | 10 (6.8) | 42 (25.6) | 15 (9.6) | 5 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Discharge against advice | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.6) |
* Chi-squared tests (or Fisher’s exact tests if any frequency was <5) for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables. Data complete for each variable in each group unless otherwise indicated
**Presenting the range instead of IQR, missing for 100/156 patients who received EchiTAb-PLUS-ICP.
Abbreviations: AV = Antivenom; IQR = Inter Quartile Range.