Table 3.
Associations between having a psychiatric disorder and inpatient and ICU care with covid-19 and mortality from covid-19, by subgroup of psychiatric disorders.
| Inpatient care |
SMD |
SUD |
CMD |
SMD+ |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10,201 cases |
10,259 cases |
11,562 cases |
9997 cases |
|||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 4.2 |
| Model 2 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 2.0 | 3.9 |
| Model 3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 3.4 |
| Model 4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.2 |
| Model 5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.2 |
| ICU |
SMD |
SUD |
CMD |
SMD+ |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1116 cases |
1135 cases |
1245 cases |
1089 cases |
|||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 4,8 | 2.4 | 9.7 |
| Model 2 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 9.3 |
| Model 3 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 4.9 | 2.4 | 10.0 |
| Model 4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 4.9 | 2.4 | 10.0 |
| Model 5 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 9.6 |
| Mortality |
SMD |
SUD |
CMD |
SMD+ |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2564 cases |
2560 cases |
2881 cases |
2492 cases |
|||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 2.6 | 9.8 |
| Model 2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 8.5 |
| Model 3 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 9.0 |
| Model 4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 6.4 |
| Model 5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 5.7 |
Severe mental disorders (SMD), substance use disorders (SUD), common mental disorders (CMD), and Severe mental disorders with comorbid alcohol/substance use (SMD+). Statistical models were performed with an increasing number of covariates. Adjustments in Model 1: sex, living in care home; Model 2: model 1 plus country of birth, vulnerable area, covid-19 inpatients in area, education, income, household size, crowded housing; Model 3: model 2 plus job exposure, healthcare contacts; Model 4: model 3 plus somatic disorders; Model 5: model 4 plus psychotropics.